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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When can you provide results of pregnancy with transrectal palpation?
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Before 2nd estrus following breeding
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How do you transrectally palpate for pregnancy?
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Retract the uterus into the pelvic cavity
Explore both horns for general changes of pregnancy (asymmetry, fluctuation of fluid) |
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What are positive signs of pregnancy?
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1. Amniotic vesicle
2. Fetal membrane slip 3. Fetus 4. Placentome |
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What is the fetal membrane slip, and when can you detect it?
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The connective tissue cord on the concave surface
Can detect at 30-34 days, in nongravid horn after 50 days |
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When can you feel the amniotic vesicle, and what are the rough sizes?
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Can feel after 30 days, is spherical and turgid to 55 days
40 Days= 3cm 50 days= 5 cm 60 days= 6 cm *May be associated with atresia coli when palpated between 32 and 44 days |
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When can you feel placentomes? Fetus/fetal parts?
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Placentomes: early as 70d, usually 80-90 days
Fetus: after 60 days |
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When is the amniotic vesicle softening and the fetus is mouse sized?
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60 days
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When can you feel fremitus in the middle uterine artery?
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As early as 85 days, reliable at 120-150 days
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When is the fetus the size of a small cat? large cat? Beagle?
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4 months= small cat
5 months= large cat 6 months= beagle |
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When can you ballotte of a bovine pregnancy?
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after 6 months of gestation, low on the R flank
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What probe do you use for Ultrasound detection of bovine pregnancy?
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B-mode, real time, linear probe
7.5 MHz for early diagnosis (>26 days) 5.0 MHZ for later diagnosis (>35 days) |
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When can you see vesicles on Ultrasound? Embryo? When is Ultrasound field accurate?
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Vesicles: 13-14 days
Embryo: 26-29 days Field accuracy: 24 days (heartbeat) |
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Where does Esterone sulphate originate?
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Conceptus
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When does Esterone sulphate increase?
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From day 50-150, more rapid from day 240 to calving
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When can you detect Esterone sulphate in the milk/serum? In the urine?
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Milk/Serum: after 105 days
Urine: After 80 days |
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What is Pregnancy specific protein B? Where is it secreted from?
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A bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein
Secreted by binucleat giant trophoblast cells |
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When can you detect pregnancy via Pregnancy specific protein B?
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Reliable after 29 days (>90DIM)
Detectable until parturition, but has long T1/2 (3 Days) |
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What is Pregnancy Specific Protein B useful for?
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Detecting pregnancy
Detecting twin pregnancies (higher than singletons) Other ruminant pregnancies (moose, goat, sheep, deer, elk) |
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When does failure to return to estrus diagnose pregnancy?
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21 days
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When does real-time ultrasound diagnose pregnancy?
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13-21 days
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When does progesterone in milk diagnose pregnancy
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21-24 days
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When does unilateral uterine horn enlargement and fluctuation indicate pregnancy?
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35 days
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When can you palpate the fetus?
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45-60 days
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