Pregnancy

Front 1

What are some risks of polycystic ovary syndrome?

Back 1

• Damaged fertility
• Miscarriage
• Gestational Diabetes
• Premature birth

Front 2

What are some risks of high blood pressure in pregnancy?

Back 2

• Maternal kidney damage
• Low birth weight
• Pre-eclampsia

Front 3

Why is diabetes dangerous during pregnancy?

Back 3

It can cause congential malformations such as neural tube defect.

Front 4

Why is kidney disease dangerous during pregnancy?

Back 4

It can cause miscarriage.

Front 5

What are some risks of thyroid disease to a fetus?

Back 5

It can contribute to:

• Poor fetal weight gain
• Heart failure
• Birth defects

Front 6

Give a way that the risk of transmission of HIV/AIDS to a fetus from the mother can be reduced.

Back 6

Caesarean section

Front 7

Give two reasons why pregnancy over the age of 35 is more risky.

Back 7

• Delivery is more likely to be complicated, for example increased risk of excessive bleeding, prolonged labour, labour that does not advance etc.
• Genetic disorders more likely.

Front 8

Give three risk factors for gestational diabetes.

Back 8

• Obesity

• Age > 35

• History of type 2 diabetes or previous history of gestational diabetes

Front 9

What proportion of pregnancies in the UK does gestation diabetes typically affect?

Back 9

5%

Front 10

What causes gestational diabetes?

Back 10

Human placental lactogen interfering with susceptible insulin receptors. This results is high blood glucose levels.

Front 11

Give three relatively minor complications to the baby resulting from gestational diabetes.

Back 11

• Large for gestational age
• Jaundice
• Low blood sugar levels

Front 12

What is pre-eclampsia characterised by?

Back 12

High blood pressure and protein in the urine.

Front 13

How frequently does pre-eclampsia typically occur in the UK?

Back 13

10%

Front 14

When in a pregnancy does pre-eclampsia typically occur?

Back 14

In the last three months.

Front 15

Approximately how prevalent is severe pre-eclampsia in the UK?

Back 15

2%

Front 16

Name some risk factors for pre-eclampsia.

Back 16

• First pregnancy

• Diabetes
• Previously diagnosed hypertension

• Multiple pregnancy
• Previous history of pre-eclampsia

• Previous history of kidney disease.

Front 17

What does the triple test screen for?

Back 17

Risk of chromosomal abnormalities, and neural tube defects.

Front 18

What is a screening test?

Back 18

A test to identify asymptomatic, healthy individuals at significant risk of disorder to warrant further investigation.

Front 19

What is a diagnostic test?

Back 19

A test to confirm that a person has a disease or is free from the disease.

Front 20

What method does the triple test use?

Back 20

Amniocentesis

Front 21

What is the nuchal translucency scan?

Back 21

An prenatal ultrasound scan to help identify higher chances of chromosomal conditions, including Down syndrome, in a fetus.

Front 22

How does a nuchal translucency scan work?

Back 22

It assesses the quantity of fluid collecting within the nape of the fetal neck. Fetuses with Down syndrome tend to have an increased amount of fluid around the neck.

Front 23

When does a nuchal translucency scan typically take place?

Back 23

11-13 weeks gestation.

Front 24

What is folic acid required for?

Back 24

The synthesis of nucleic acids.

Front 25

What does a deficiency in folic acid often result in?

Back 25

Megaloblastic anaemia.

Front 26

What is the recommended dose of folic acid for adults?

Back 26

200µg a day

Front 27

When should the recommended daily dose of folic acid be doubled?

Back 27

Shortly before conception and in the first three months of pregnancy.

Front 28

In pregnancy, what is the highest single risk factor for spina bifida?

Back 28

Folic acid deficiency

Front 29

Name three good sources of folic acid.

Back 29

Yeast extract, liver and green leafed vegetables.

Front 30

Why is vitamin D important for fetal development?

Back 30

Because it is involved in calcium and phosphate regulation, affecting the bone growth of the fetus.

Front 31

What is the recommended daily dose of calcium during pregnancy and breast feeding?

Back 31

10µg

Front 32

What does vitamin D deficiency often result in?

Back 32

Rickets.

Front 33

Which two groups of people are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency than most?

Back 33

Certain ethnicities (south asian, african, caribbean and middle eastern), and women who keep covered up for cultural reasons.

Front 34

Why should vitamin A consumption be limited during pregnancy?

Back 34

Vitamin A above 700µg daily may be teratogenic.

Front 35

Why should mould–ripened cheese and pate be avoided during pregnancy?

Back 35

Due to the risk of listeria.

Front 36

Why should tuna, shark, swordfish and marlin be avoided during pregnancy?

Back 36

Due to their mercury content.

Front 37

Why should liver be avoided during pregnancy?

Back 37

Due to its high vitamin A content.

Front 38

Why should raw or partially cooked egg or meat be avoided during pregnancy?

Back 38

Due to the risk of salmonella.

Front 39

Why is listeriosis dangerous during pregnancy?

Back 39

It can result in stillbirth, miscarriage and other health complications after birth.

Front 40

What are some common symptoms of listeriosis?

Back 40

High temperature, Fever, Diarrhoea, Vomiting

Front 41

What kind of infection is listeriosis?

Back 41

Bacterial