Preclinic Of The Dental Hygienist

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an artificially collection of particles suspended in the air

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Aerosol

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suspension of particles in the air that consists partially or wholly of microorganisms; it may be capable of causing an infection

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microbial aerosol

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diminished reactivity to specific antigens inability to react to skin-test antigen (even if person is infected with the organism tested) because of immunosuppression.

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Anergy

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a soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by body cells in response to an antigen; it is capable of binding to that specific antigen.

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Antibody

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a substance that is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with the specific antibody.

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Antigen

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a person who harbors a specific infectious agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection. The carrier state may be temporary, transient, or chronic.

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Carrier

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An individual who harbors pathogenic organisms without clinically recongnizable symptoms; a carrier may infect those he/she contacts

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Asymptomatic carrier

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United states centers for disease control and prevention, department of health and human services, public health service, atlanta, GA

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CDCP

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Colony forming unit

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CFU

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the time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person; the communicable period may include or overlap the incubation period.

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Communicable period of disease

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diminutive drop, such as the particles of moisture expelled while coughing, sneezing, or speaking, that may carry infectious agents.

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droplets

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an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; a lab test to detect antibody in the blood serum.

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ELISA or EIA

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a lab test for antibody that is more specific than EIA and is used to validate seropositive reactions to the EIA.

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Western blot (WB)

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the constant presence of a disease r infectious agent within a geographic area.

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Endemic

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widespread occurrence of cases of an illness in a community or region; greater than the expected number of cases for the particular population

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Epidemic

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an inanimate object or material on which disease producing agents (microorganisms) may be conveyed.

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Fomite or fomes

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healthcare personnel

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HCP

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dental healthcare personnel

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DHCP

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an infection associated with or acquired duing a medical or surgical intervention; replaces nosocomial, which is limited to an adverse infectious outcome occurring in a hospital.

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Healthcare-associated infection

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the resistance that a person has against disease; it may be natural or aquired

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immunity

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short-duration immunity either naturally attained by transplacentral transfer from the mother or artificially acquired by inoculation of specific protective antibodies.

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Passive immunity

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immunity either naturally attained by infection, with or without clinical manifestations, or artificially acquired by inoculation of the agent in a killed, modified, or variant form; in response, the body produces its own antibodies; usually lasts for years.

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Active immunity

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the time interval between the initial contact with an infectious agent and the appearance of the first clinical sign or symptom of the disease

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incubation period

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a state caused by the invasion, development, or multiplication of an infectious agent into the body

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infection

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first time; no preexisting antibodies

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primary infection

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persistent infection following a primary infection in which the causative agent remains inactive within certain cells.

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latent infection

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symptomatic reactivation of a latent infection

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recurrent infection

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organism capable of producing an infection

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infectious agent

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yellowness of skin, sclerae, mucous membranes, and excretions due to hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. also called icterus.

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Jaundice

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the microscopic living organisms of a region.

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Microbiota

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widespread epidemic usually affecting the population of an extensive region, several countries, or sometimes the entire globe

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pandemic

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injection by a route other than the alimentary tract, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intrvenous

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Parenteral

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inflammation of the parotid gland

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Parotitis

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a virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease

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pathogen

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capable of causing disease only when the host's resistance is lowered.

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Opportunistic pathogen

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by way of, or through, the skin

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Percutaneous

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by way of, or through, a mucous membrane.

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permucosal

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protein particle lacking nucleic acid that has been implicated as the cause of certain neurodegenerative diseases; an example is Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.

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Prion

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early or premonitory symptom

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Prodrome

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process by which viruses reproduce and multiply

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Replication

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virus with RNA as its core genetic material; requires the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into proviral DNA

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Retrovirus

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the identification of a disease by serum markers of that specific condition

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Serologic diagnosis

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after exposure to the etiologic agent of a disease, the blood changes from negative (seronegative) to positive (seropositve) for the serum marker for that disease; the time interval for conversion is specific for each disease

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Seroconversion

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a specific finding (such as an antibody or antigen) by laboratory blood analysis that identifies an existing disease state.

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Serum Marker

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presence of virus in body secretions, in excretions, or in body surface lesions with potential for transmission.

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Shedding (viral)

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an approach to infection control to protect DHCP and patients from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, secretion, or excretion (except sweat), regardless of whether they contain blood.

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Standard precautions

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sexually transmitted disease

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STD

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continuing scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control.

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Surveillance (of disease)

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host not possessing resistance against an infectious agent.

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Susceptible host

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passage of an infectious agent from one individual to another.

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Transmission (horizontal)

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passage of an infectious agent from one generation to another by breast milk or across the placenta.

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Vertical transmission

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an approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood-borne pathogens.

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Universal precautions

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a carrier that transfers an infectious microoganism from one host to another

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Vector

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an arthropod, insect, or other living carrier in whose body the infecting organism multiplies before becoming infective to the recipient

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Biologic vector

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a substance or object that serves as an intermediate means by which an infectious agent is transported and introduced into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry.

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Vehicle

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complete virus particle made up of the nucleoid (the genetic material) and capsid (the shell of protein that protects the nucleoid).

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Virion

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the degree of pathogenicity or disease-evoking power of an infectious agent.

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Virulence

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a subcellular genetic entity capable of gaining entrance into a limited range of living cells and capable of replication only within such cells; a virus contains either DNA or RNA but not both.

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Virus

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the time between exposure resulting in infection and the presence of detectable serum antibody; antibody test is negative but infectious agent is transmissible during the window period.

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Window period