Module 1 Ce Laws

Front 1

Intensity, frequency, duration

Back 1

Characteristics of precipitation

Front 2

Intensity

Back 2

It refers to the amount of precipitaion that falls during a specific time period, typically measured in mm or inches per hour

Front 3

Intensity

Back 3

Higher ___ precipitation events are often associated with more extreme weather conditions, such as thunderstorms, huricanes, or heavy snowfall.

Front 4

Frequency

Back 4

It refers to how often precipitation events of a certain intensity occur over a specific time period, typically measured in terms of the number of events per year.

Front 5

Mist

Back 5

A very thin fog

Front 6

Fog

Back 6

A thin cloud of varying size at the surface of the earth by condensation of atmospheric vapor

Front 7

Hail

Back 7

Small lumpscof ice larger than 5mm in diameter formed by alternate freezing and melting, when they are carried up and down in highly turbulent air currents.

Front 8

Dew

Back 8

Moisture condensed from the atmosphere in small drops upon cool surfaces

Front 9

Frost

Back 9

A feathery deposit of ice formed on the ground or on the surface of exposed objects by dew or water vapor that has frozen

Front 10

Frequency

Back 10

___ analysis can be used to identify the probability of extreme precipitation events occuring in a given region, which can help inform planning and management decisions

Front 11

Duration

Back 11

It refers to how long a precipitation event lasts, typically measured in hours.

Front 12

Temporal distribution

Back 12

Refers to the patterb of when precipitation occurs over a specific time period, such as a day, a month, or a year.

Front 13

Temporal distribution

Back 13

This can be influenced by seasonal and climatic factors, as well as weather patterns such as fronts and atmospheric disturbances

Front 14

Precipitation and rain fall

Back 14

Types of Measurement of precipitation

Front 15

Convectional precipitation, frontal precipitation, orographic precipitation, cyclonic precipitation

Back 15

Types of precipitation

Front 16

Spatial distribution

Back 16

This can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as topography, distance from water sources and prevailing wind patterns

Front 17

Duration

Back 17

Longer-____ precipitation events can lead to more widespread and sustained impacts, such as flooding or erosion.

Front 18

Spatial distribution and temporal distribution

Back 18

Types of patterns of precipitation

Front 19

Spatial distribution

Back 19

Refers to the pattern of where precipitation falls over a specific area.

Front 20

Snowflakes

Back 20

Ice crystals fused together

Front 21

Spatial distribution

Back 21

Some regions may experience localized convective precipitation, which is characterized by intense, short-duration storms that are highly variable in space and time

Front 22

Cold front, warm front, stationary front, accluded front

Back 22

Types of frontal precipitation

Front 23

Snow

Back 23

Ice crystals resulting from sublimation

Front 24

Orographic precipitation

Back 24

As the air rises, it cool and condenses, forming clouds and precipitation

Front 25

Cyclonic precipitation

Back 25

This type of precipitation is due to lifting of moist air converging into a low-pressure belt, due to pressure differences created by the unequal heating of the earths surface

Front 26

Frontal precipitation

Back 26

This surface of contact is called a front or frontal surface

Front 27

Frontal precipitation

Back 27

When two air masses due to contrasting temperatures and densities clash with each other, condensation and precipitation occur at the surface of contact

Front 28

Convectional precipitation

Back 28

This type of precipitation is in the form of local whirling thunderstorms and is typical of the tropics

Front 29

Convectional precipitation

Back 29

The air close to the warm earth gets heated and rises due to its low density, cools adiabatically to form a cauliflower shaped cloud, which finally burst into a thunderstorm

Front 30

Convectional precipitation

Back 30

When accompanied by destructive winds, they are called tornados

Front 31

Cyclonic precipitation

Back 31

Here the winds blow spirally inward counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere

Front 32

Orographic precipitation

Back 32

This type of precipitation is caused by the uplift of moist air as it flows over a mountain or other elevated terrain

Front 33

Rain

Back 33

The condensed water vapor of the atmosphere falling in drops from the clouds of sizes larger than 0.5 mm. The maximum size is about 6mm

Front 34

Tropical cyclone and extra tropical cyclone

Back 34

Two main types of cyclones

Front 35

Sleet

Back 35

Frozen rain drops while falling through air at subfreezing temperature

Front 36

Drizzle

Back 36

A light steady rain in fine drops 0.5mm and instensity less than 1mm/h

Front 37

Glaze

Back 37

Freezing of drizzle or rain when they come in contact with cold objects

Front 38

Tropical cyclone

Back 38

Also called huricane or typhoon

Front 39

Drizzle, rain, glaze, sleet, snow, snowflakes, hail, dew, frost, fog, mist

Back 39

Forms of precipitation

Front 40

Tropical cyclone

Back 40

Comparatively small diameter of 300-1500 km causing high wind velocity and heavy precipitation

Front 41

Extra tropical cyclone

Back 41

Large diameter up to 3000 km causing widespread frontal type precipitation

Front 42

Precipitation

Back 42

Is expressed in terms of the depth to which rainfall water would stand on an area if all the rain were collected on it

Front 43

Rainfall

Back 43

May be measured by a network of rain gauges which may either be of non-recording or recording type

Front 44

Non-recording rain gauge and recording rain gauge

Back 44

Types of rain gauges

Front 45

Non-recording rain gauges

Back 45

It is a rain gauge which does not provide the distribution of amount of precipitation in a day.

Front 46

Non-recording rain gauge

Back 46

It simply gives the amount of precipitation after 24 hours(daily precipitation)

Front 47

Recording rain gauges

Back 47

This is also called self-recording, automatic or integrating rain gauge

Front 48

Recording rain gauges

Back 48

This type of rain gauge has an automatic mechanical arrangements consisting of a clockwork, a drum with a graph paper fixed around it and a pencil point, which draws the mass curve of rainfall

Front 49

Recording rain gauges

Back 49

From this mass curve, the depth of rainfall in a given time, The rate or intensity of rainfall at any instant during a storm, time of onset and cessation of rainfall, can be determined

Front 50

Tipping bucket rain gauge, weighing type rain gauge, float type rain gauge

Back 50

Types of recording rain gauges

Front 51

Tipping bucket rain gauge

Back 51

This consists of a cylindrical receiver 30 cm diameter with a funnel inside.

Front 52

Tipping bucket rain gauge

Back 52

Just below the funnel a pair of tipping buckets is pivoted such that when one of the bucket receives a rainfall of 0.25 mm it tips and empties into a tank below, while the other bucket takes its position, and the process is repeated.

Front 53

Tipping bucket rain gauge

Back 53

The tipping of the bucket actuates on electric circuit which causes a pen to move on a chart wrapped round a drum which revolves by a clock mechanism.

Front 54

Tipping bucket rain gauge

Back 54

This type cannot record snow

Front 55

Weighing type rain gauge

Back 55

In this type of rain-gauge, when a certain weight ofvrainfall is collected in a tank, which rests on a spring- lever balance, it makes a pen to move on a chart wrapped round a clock-driven drum.

Front 56

Weighing tyoe rain gauge

Back 56

The rotation of the drum sets the time scale while the vertical motion of the pen records the cumulative precipitation.

Front 57

Float type rain gauge

Back 57

In this type, as the rain is collected in a float chamber, the float moves up which makes a pen to move on achart wrapped round a clock driven drum.

Front 58

Float type rain gauge

Back 58

When the float chamber fills up, the water siphons out automatically through a siphon tube kept in an interconnected siphon chamber.

Front 59

Float type rain gauge

Back 59

The clockwork revolves thedrum once in 24 hours. Theclock mechanism needs rewinding once in a week when the chart wrapped round the drum is also replaced.

Front 60

Mean areal depth

Back 60

Point rainfall is the rainfall at a single station. For small areas less than 50 square kilometers, point rainfall may be taken as the average depth over the area.

Front 61

Mean areal depth

Back 61

In large areas, there will be a network of rain gauge stations. As the rainfall over a large area is no uniform, the average depth of rainfall over an area is determined by the following three methods

Front 62

Arithmetic average methos, thissen polygon method, isohyetal method

Back 62

Measurement methods

Front 63

Arithmetic average method

Back 63

It is obtained by simply averaging arithmetically the amounts of rainfall at the individual rain-gauge station in the area

Front 64

Arithmetic average method

Back 64

This method is fast and simple and yields good estimates in flat country if the gauges are uniformly distributed and the rainfall at different stations do not vary very widely from the mean.

Front 65

Arithmetic average method

Back 65

The limitation can be partially overcome if the topographic influences and aerial representativity are considered in the selection of gauge sites.

Front 66

Thiessen polygon method

Back 66

This method attempts to allow for non-uniform distribution of gauges by providing a weighting factor for each gauge.

Front 67

Thiessen polygon method

Back 67

The station are plotted on a base map and are connected by straight lines. Perpendicular bisectors are drawn to the straight lines, joining adjacent stations to form polygons, known as Thiessen polygons.

Front 68

Thiessen polygon method

Back 68

The results obtained are usually more accurate than those obtained by simple arithmetic averaging. The gauges should be properly located over the catchment to get regular shaped polygons.

Front 69

Thiessen polygon method

Back 69

However, one of the serious limitations of the ___ method is its non-flexibility since a new Thiessen diagram has to be constructed every time there is a change in the rain gauge network.

Front 70

Isohyetal method

Back 70

In this method, the point rainfalls are plotted on a suitable base map and the lines of equal rainfall are drawn giving consideration to orographic effects and storm morphology.

Front 71

Isohyetal method

Back 71

The average rainfall between successive isohyets taken as the average of the two isohyetal values are weighted with the area between the isohyets, added up and divided by the total area which gives the averagedepth of rainfall over the entire basin.

Front 72

Descriptive statistics, time-series analysis, spatial analysis, correlation analysis

Back 72

Types of Analysis of rainfall data

Front 73

Descriptive statistics

Back 73

can be used to summarize precipitation data, such as the mean, median, and standard deviation of precipitation amounts.

Front 74

Key Characteristics of Modern Profession

Back 74

a. substantial intellectual and practical training

b. provision of a specialized skill and service

c. high degree of professional autonomy and responsibility

d. an occupational organization controlling the profession

e. embargoes/restrictions on methods of attracting business

f. a trust relationship with the client

Front 75

Ethics – derived from the Greek word ethos (Latin means “_____”) which means ______

Back 75

Mores

Characteristics way of acting

Front 76

As a science, it is to investigate the nature of the human act or human conduct.

Back 76

Ethics

Front 77

It is a practical science that guides us in our actions that we may live rightly and well or it lays down the principles of right living.

Back 77

Ethics

Front 78

It is guided by standards and judgments which people create.

Back 78

Ethics

Front 79

refers to the quality of goodness or badness in a human act. Good is described as “moral” and bad as “immoral”

Back 79

Morality

Front 80

It is the rules for right conduct for all individuals. It implies judgment and refers to what we would call moral standards and moral conduct.

Back 80

Morality

Front 81

Therefore, it is viewed that MORALITY IS ___________

Back 81

MORALITY IS NOTHING ELSE BUT A DOING OF ETHICS.

Front 82

ETHICS is used to refer to the formal study of

Back 82

MORAL STANDS AND MORAL CONDUCT

Front 83

What is profession?

Back 83

• It referred to a free act of commitment to a way of life. The act or fact of professing – when a person occupies a special social role that carries with it stringent moral requirements.

• It referred to anyone who professed to be duly qualified

• It also means that an occupation which one professes (admits, agrees) to be skilled and to follow.

• It is a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others

• It is an example of social practice that has one or more aims or goods that are especially associated with it or internal to it. It also provides a moral criterion for evaluating the behavior of those who participate in the social practice and for resolving moral issues that might arise in the practice.

Front 84

It referred to a free act of commitment to a way of life. The act or fact of professing – when a person occupies a special social role that carries with it stringent moral requirements.

Back 84

Profession

Front 85

It referred to anyone who professed to be duly qualified.

Back 85

Profession

Front 86

It also means that an occupation which one professes (admits, agrees) to be skilled and to follow.

Back 86

Profession

Front 87

It is a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others

Back 87

Profession

Front 88

It is an example of social practice that has one or more aims or goods that are especially associated with it or internal to it. It also provides a moral criterion for evaluating the behavior of those who participate in the social practice and for resolving moral issues that might arise in the practice.

Back 88

Profession

Front 89

A Socratic Account of Professionalism (based on Greek philosopher Socrates as proposed by philosopher Michael Davis)

Back 89

A profession is several individuals in the same occupation voluntarily organized to earn a living by openly serving a moral ideal in a morally permissible way beyond what law, market, morality, and public opinion would otherwise require. Thus, a profession should:

a. Cannot be composed of only one person, rather composed of a number of individuals

b. Involves a public element – should openly “profess” to be a professional (engineer, physician, etc.)

c. It is a way people earn a living and something that occupies them during their working hours

d. It is something that people enter into voluntarily and that they can leave voluntarily

e. It advocates of the social practice approach – serves morally praiseworthy goal by morally permissible means

Front 90

are the unarticulated beliefs that form the foundation for ethical behavior, i.e. practices that are viewed by our society as correct behavior.

Back 90

Values

Front 91

What are the fundamental importance of the following values both for yourself and your profession

Back 91

1. Quality of life

2. Health, human potential, empowerment, growth and excellence

3. Freedom and responsibility

4. Justice

5. Dignity, integrity, worth and fundamental rights of individuals, organizations, communities, societies, and other human systems;6. All-win attitudes and cooperation

7. Authenticity and openness in relationships;

8. Effectiveness, efficiency and alignment

9. Holistic, systemic view and affected parties orientation

10. Wide participation in system affairs, confrontation of issues leading to effective problem solving, and democratic decision making.

Front 92

people being healthy, aware of the fullness of their potential, recognizing their power to bring that potential into being, growing into it, living it, and, generally, doing the best they can with it, individually and collectively;

Back 92

Health, human potential, empowerment, growth and excellence

Front 93

people being free and responsible in choosing how they will live their lives;

Back 93

Freedom and responsibility

Front 94

people living lives whose results are fair and right for everyone;

Back 94

Justice

Front 95

people caring about one another and about working together to achieve results that work for everyone, individually and collectively;

Back 95

All-win attitudes and cooperation

Front 96

people achieving the maximum of desired results, at minimum cost, in ways that coordinate their individual energies and purposes with those of the system-as-a-whole, the subsystems of which they are parts, and the larger system of which their system is a part;

Back 96

Effectiveness, efficiency and alignment

Front 97

understanding human behaviour from the perspective of whole system(s) that influence and are influenced by that behaviour; recognizing the interests that different people have in the system's results and valuing those interests fairly and justly;

Back 97

Holistic, systemic view and affected parties orientation

Front 98

Two Models of Professionalism

Back 98

Business model and Professional model

Front 99

an occupation that is primarily oriented toward making a profit within the boundaries set by law (regulations imposed by law)

Back 99

Business model

Front 100

an occupation that have an implicit trust relationship with the larger public – trust relationship means as “social contract” with the public, are that professionals agree to regulate their practice so that it promotes the public good. In other words, of most engineering codes, they agree to hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public

Back 100

Professional model

Front 101

They agree to regulate themselves in accordance with high standards of technical competence and ethical practice so that they do not take unfair advantage of the public.

Back 101

Professional model

Front 102

Three Types of Ethics or Morality

Back 102

Common morality

Personal morality

Professional ethic

Front 103

is the set of moral beliefs shared by almost everyone. It is the basis or at least the reference point compare to other types of morality. It primarily negative or it does contain a positive or aspirational component in such precepts as “prevent killing.”

Back 103

Common morality

Front 104

It also makes a distinction of action based on an application of the types of moral precepts we have been considering, but an evaluation of the person himself is based on intention.

Back 104

Common morality

Front 105

or _____ is the set of moral beliefs that a person holds. This is closely parallel the precepts of common morality. For Example, we believe that murder, lying, cheating, and stealing are wrong.

Back 105

Personal morality / personal ethics

Front 106

is the set of standards adopted by professional in so far as they view themselves acting as professionals. It is usually stated in a formal code. It is focus on the issues that are important in that profession. It is supposed to take precedence over personal morality.

Back 106

Professional ethic

Front 107

It also differs from personal morality in its degree of restriction of personal conduct. It has a negative and a positive dimension – preventing and avoiding evil and doing or promoting good. It related to “role morality” - it is the moral obligations based on special roles and relationships.

Back 107

Professional ethic

Front 108

Important Roles of Professional Code of Ethics

Back 108

a. Serving and protecting the public or society

b. Guidance for the primary responsibilities

c. Inspiration, motivation, and collective commitment

d. Shared standards for excellence and fair competition

e. Positive Support for responsible professionals

f. Education and mutual understanding about moral responsibilities of professionals

g. Deterrence (prevention/restriction) and discipline

h. Contributing to the profession’s positive image

Front 109

These are situations where professionals have an interest that, if pursued, might keep them from meeting their obligations to their employers or clients. These interests involve serving in some other professional role or making substantial private investments in a competitor’s company.

Back 109

Professional conflicts of interest

Front 110

Professional conflicts of interest. These conditions may arise when these two conditions are met:

Back 110

(a) The professional is in a relationship or role that requires exercising good judgment on behalf of the interest of an employer or client, and

(b) The professional has some additional or side interests of the employer or client.

Front 111

There are ways that conflicts of interest may arise such as:

Back 111

: gifts, bribes, kickbacks; interest in other companies; and insider information.

Front 112

Note that conflict of interest is different from “conflicting interests”. Conflicting interests means

Back 112

Conflicting interests means that a person has two or more desires that cannot all be satisfied given the circumstances.

Front 113

Professional RightsThese are special rights that arise from professional role and the obligations it involves. Three professional rights have special importance:

Back 113

(a) The basic right of professional conscience,

(b) The right of conscientious refusal, and

(c) The right of professional recognition.

Front 114

is the moral right to exercise professional judgment in pursuing professional responsibilities and duties. Pursuing those responsibilities involves exercising both technical judgment and reasoned moral convictions.

Back 114

The right of professional conscience

Front 115

This is the right of professional for their work and accomplishments which involves fair monetary remuneration, and nonmonetary forms of recognition.

Back 115

Right of recognition

Front 116

These are any rights, moral or legal that involves the status of being an employee.

Back 116

Employee right

Front 117

This is a right to pursue outside activities can be thought as a right to personal privacy in the sense that is means the right to have a private life off the job. It is also meaning the right to control the access to and the use of information about oneself.

Back 117

Privacy right

Front 118

It is the unwanted imposition of sexual requirements in the context of a relationship of unequal power.

Back 118

Right to equal opportunity: preventing sexual harassment

Front 119

It is relating to sex, color, age, or political or religious outlook or affiliations.

Back 119

Right to equal opportunity: nondiscrimination

Front 120

It is giving preference or advantage to a member of a group that in the past was denied equal treatment, in particular, women and minorities (indigenous people) or people with disabilities.

Back 120

Right to equal opportunity: affirmative action

Front 121

Fundamental Obligations for an Ethical Career

Back 121

-Conflict of interest

-Ensuring legal compliance

-Employee and public safety

-Workplace quality

-Use and protection of employees assets

-Maintaining accurate and complete records

-Gifts, meals, services and entertainment

-Confidential or proprietary information

-Outside employment/activities

-Purchases of goods and services

-Bribes and kickbacks

-Relationship with competitors

-Relationship with Clients, Outside Contractor and Consultants

-Environmental protection

-Whistle blowing

Front 122

What is Civil Engineering Code of Ethics

Back 122

provides guidance for engineers’ personal and professional conduct.

Front 123

Fundamental PrinciplesCivil engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the civil engineering profession by:

Back 123

1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and theenvironment;

2. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, theiremployers/employees and clients;

3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the civil engineering profession;and

4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.

Front 124

Fundamental Canons

Back 124

Canon 1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles and sustainable development in the performance of their duties.

Canon 2. Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence

Canon 3. Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

Canon 4. Civil Engineers shall act in professional matter for each employer or client as faithful agents for trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.

Canon 5. Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others

Canon 6. Shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the civil engineering profession.

Canon 7. Shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those civil engineers under their supervision.

Front 125

The standard practice for Civil Engineers to be given responsibility for studying, conceiving, designing, observing construction, and assisting in the programming for operating and maintaining engineering works.

Back 125

Professional responsibility

Front 126

Require the Civil Engineer during the evolution of a project

Back 126

Professional responsibility

Front 127

Ensure the safety and comfort of the public in using a facility, and the ultimate facility cost, all depend to a considerable extent on how well members of the project team fulfill their professional and contractual responsibilities.

Back 127

Professional responsibility

Front 128

The relationship between the contractor and engineer should be one of cooperation and collaboration which improves the overall quality of the project.

Back 128

Client-Civil Engineer Relationship

Front 129

A good working relationship between client and service provider should be based on trust and understanding between all parties.

Back 129

Client-Civil Engineer Relationship

Front 130

What are the Civil Engineering services

Back 130

• Design, consultation, and advice

• Feasibility Studies

• Field investigations and engineering data collection

• Environmental assessments, impact statements or Engineering reports

• Opinions of probable construction cost

• Preliminary and final designs, drawings, specifications, and construction bidding documents

• Assistance in securing construction bids and in awarding contracts

• Construction administration and observation

• Arrangement for or performance of testing of materials and equipment

• Preparation of operation and maintenance manuals

• Expert testimonies

• Structural remediation and rehabilitation

• Project Management and controls

• Teaching

Front 131

Specialization in Civil Engineering

Back 131

• Structural Engineering

• Geotechnical Engineering

• Water Engineering

• Transportation Engineering

• Construction Management

Front 132

The engagement of a Civil Engineer is one of the most important decisions to be made regarding the development of an engineering project.

The accomplishment of the client’s objectives and commitment of financial resources, soundness of design, and suitability of the proposed for its intended function rest upon the experience, organization, skill, integrity, and judgement of the civil engineer. The civil engineer’s recommendations based on these factors, affect life cycle costs, and thereby influence the economic feasibility of the undertaking.

Back 132

Selection of the Civil Engineer

Front 133

What is Prime Professional Practice

Back 133

Engagement of Engineering Services

➢ DIRECTLY AS A PRIME PROPESSIONAL

ENGINEER => OWNER/ CLIENT

➢ INDIRECTLY AS SUBCONSULTANT

ENGINEER=> ENGR./AR. (PRIME PROF.)

Front 134

Civil engineers are employed by professional firms, gov. Agencies, educational institute, construction firms, manufacturing, and commercial entities etc.

Back 134

Employment

Front 135

Design Competition

Back 135

• Selection based on proposal/ innovative approach according to client’s needs.

• Bidding

Front 136

Engineers may request proposed or accept professional commissions on a contingency basis only when their professional judgements would not be compromised.

Back 136

Contingency Basis of Employment

Front 137

a) All professional and business decisions shall be made in the best interest of the public, the client, the employer, and the profession.

b) Playing favorites or otherwise allowing personal interest to influence a professional decision is contrary to the expectation of just and ethical conduct.

c) It may be inappropriate for an engineer to take part in a decision where a conflict of interest exists, even if the engineer does not believe that his/her objectivity will be affected.

d) Avoid any relationship, influence, or activity that may be perceived to, or actually, impair their ability to make objective and just decisions when performing their work.

Back 137

Conflict of interest

Front 138

CIVIL ENGINEERS

- Shall conduct and protect the professional lives in accordance with applicable laws and regulations

- Shall comply with law/s that does not necessarily fulfill for an engineer’s entire ethical responsibility, but it is paramount for performance of one’s professional duty.

- Shall be truthful and responsive in all dealings with regulatory bodies or governmental agencies that establish rules or oversee their professional operations

Back 138

Ensuring Legal Compliance

Front 139

CIVIL ENGINEERS

- Shall be committed to maintaining a drug- and alcohol-free, safe, and healthy work environment.

- Shall comply with applicable environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations.

- Shall not violate the safety rules or conditions that will endanger the welfare of other employees, contractors, clients, or the public and accident shall be reported immediately to the appropriate person or authority.

Back 139

Employee and Public Safety

Front 140

AS A COMPANY OWNER

- It is your duty to provide a respected and professionally satisfied environment that will ensures all employees to have the opportunity to achieve excellence performance.

- To assure a safe and healthful workplace environment.

- To free employees from harassment, racism, or discriminatory behavior of any kind.

Back 140

Workplace quality

Front 141

- All employers have many valued assets such as cash, physical property, proprietary trade secrets, and confidential information.

- Protecting these assets against loss, theft, and misuse

- An employer’s property shall not be used for personal benefit, nor shall it be loaned, sold, or given away without authorization from the employer.

- An employer’s assets shall be used for the employer’s business purposes during employment with that employer.

- Removing employer’s assets from the company’s facilities shall be prohibited unless specifically authorized by the employer in advance.

Back 141

Use and Protection of Employees Assets

Front 142

-Transactions between a company or its affiliates and its clients, vendors, regulators, outside individuals, and organizations shall be entered in the employer’s records promptly, accurately, and honestly.

- Financial records shall be maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices, principles, and established employer guidelines.

- Misrepresenting facts or falsifying records is illegal, shall not be tolerated, and should result in appropriate disciplinary action.

Back 142

Maintaining accurate and complete records

Front 143

-It is improper to request, accept, or offer anything that could reasonably be construed as an attempt to influence the performance or judgment of another (public officials, government employees, contractors, and others) or to favor a customer, supplier, or competitor.

- Receipt of gifts, payments, travel, or other benefits from any existing or potential customers, suppliers, competitors, or other special interest groups.

- It is also improper to provide a gift (other than gifts of nominal value) to public officials, government employees, or the immediate family of such persons, unless the he has a familial or other close personal relationship with the recipient and the gift will not create the perception of inappropriate influence.

- It is similarly inappropriate to make loans to a customer, supplier, or competitor or to borrow from such sources, unless the source is a recognized lending institution.

- Gifts of nominal value motivated by commonly accepted business courtesies may be accepted or given, but not if accepting or giving such gifts may cause the perception of prejudice toward or obligation to the donor.

- Meals provided by an existing or potential client, supplier, or competitor may be acceptable if they are for a bona fide business purpose, reasonable in amount, and not repetitive.

Back 143

Gifts, meals, services and entertainment

Front 144

-Have access to information that is proprietary, confidential, privileged, or of competitive value to the employer.

- Must respect these confidences by protecting the confidentiality and security of documents and related information

- The use or disclosure of confidential information shall be at the employer’s sole discretion and for the employer’s purposes only and shall not be used for personal benefit of the member or the benefit of others (including the benefit of a new employer).

- To preserve confidentiality, the disclosure and discussion of confidential or competitive information should be limited to those who specifically need to know the information.

Back 144

Confidential or Proprietary Information

Front 145

- Outside employment or business activities not related to those of the employer must not diminish the employee’s ability to properly fulfill his or her professional responsibilities to the employer.

- Such outside employment or business activity shall not create, or appear to create, a conflict of interest.

- Company time or facilities, including telephone or electronic media, shall not be used in the conduct of outside employment or personal business activities without the employer’s prior knowledge and approval.

- Employment with an outside organization that has no actual or potential business relationship with the employer is acceptable as long as it does not impair the employee’s ability to fulfill all job-related functions and does not compromise the quality, productivity, or safety of the employer’s operation.

Back 145

Ouside employment/activities

Front 146

- The acquisition of goods and services from external vendors may constitute a significant portion of an employer’s annual expenditures.

- Employers should establish guidelines and practices governing procurements within their organization to ensure that the interests of their clients and the public are best served and protected. - Employees should maintain the good name of the employer and to develop and maintain good business relations between the employer and its vendors by maintaining an awareness that personal relationships may form much of the basis for the supplier’s opinion of the employer.

- All sales and purchases by the employer should be based on price, service, quality, and the consistency and dependability of the business relationships underlying each transaction. - Most of an employer’s transactions relating to purchasing are likely confidential, especially regarding the employer’s vendors.

- It is inappropriate, as well as damaging to the employer, to allow proprietary information about one vendor’s quotation or pricing structure to pass to another vendor. - Unauthorized discussions between the employer’s personnel and vendor representatives regarding product or vendor preferences shall be avoided.

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Purchases of Goods And Services

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- Prohibits offering or accepting bribes, kickbacks, and all other forms of payoffs and benefits to or from suppliers, regulators, government officials, trade allies, or customers.

- Prohibited from giving or receiving anything of value, directly or indirectly, to or from an outside source in connection with a transaction entered into by the employer.

- To offer or accept bribes or kickbacks is morally wrong and illegal.

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Bribes and Kickbacks

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- Shall be aware that the employer operates in a competitive economic environment.

- Discussions with existing or potential competitors regarding common issues shall be conducted with care to protect all employer information that may be of a sensitive or proprietary nature or that could otherwise benefit competing parties.

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Relationships with Competitors

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- Clients, outside contractors, and consultants shall be treated honestly, without discrimination or deception, in a manner conforming to local, state, and national laws and consistent with good business practices.

- Shall not make misleading or false remarks about others, including the employer’s competitors

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Relationship with Clients, outside Contractor and Consultant

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- Clients, outside contractors, and consultants shall be treated honestly, without discrimination or deception, in a manner conforming to local, state, and national laws and consistent with good business practices.

- Shall not make misleading or false remarks about others, including the employer’s competitors

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Environmetal Protection

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-The action taken by an employee who notifies outside authorities that the employer is breaking a law, rule, or regulation or is otherwise posing a direct threat to the safety, health, or welfare of the public.

-If an employee is fired or otherwise retaliated against for whistle blowing, an attorney should be consulted to identify legal protections available to the employee.

- If it becomes necessary to blow the whistle, the employee must advise the appropriate regulatory agency or a law enforcement agency of the illegal act.

- Encouraged to notify and assist employers to comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations.

- Should look upon the act of whistle blowing as the last available measure to be used for ensuring a safe, healthful, and legally compliant workplace.

- Makes a good faith effort to notify an employer of illegal operations or actions and the offending condition continues, he shall, as a protection to the public, notify the appropriate regulatory or other law enforcement agency.

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Whistle Blowing