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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of preanesthetic drugs |
- calm frightened or aggressive animals - Reduce the need for general anesthesia - reduce or eliminate some side effects of anesthesia - provide analgesia - provide a smoother recovery |
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Reanesthetics |
-Antichholinergics -Tranquilizer sedatives -Analgesics |
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Types of anticholinergics |
Atrophine and Glyccopyrrolate |
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Types of tranquilizer sedatives |
Alpha 2 agonists Benzodiazepines Phenothiazines |
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Types of analgesics |
Opioids and NSAIDS |
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What do anticholinergics do |
Block certain receptors of the neurtransmitter acetylcholine at the second parasympathetic receptor site |
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Benefits of anticholinergics |
Prevent bradycardia/heart block Decrease GI stimulation and salivation Bronchocontraction and respiratory secretions |
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What is the onset of action for anticholinergics |
20 min after SQ or IM injections |
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what are the precautions for anticholinergics |
ileus, arrhythmias, Muscous plugs in ET tube, glaucoma |
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What do tranquilizers do |
Reduce anxiety |
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What do sedatives do |
reduce anxiety and reduce mental activity |
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Types of sedatives |
Phenothiazines, Benzodiazepines, Alpha- 2 agonists |
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Phenothizines do what |
Cause sedation Antiemetic Antiarrhythmic Antihistaminic |
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Side effects of phenothiazines |
- peripheral vasodilation - may cause excitement - penile prolapse in horses - 3rd eyelid prolapse |
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Examples of phenothiazines which are a sedative |
Acepromazine and chlorpromazine |
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Onset of action for phenothiazines |
3-5 minutes IV, 20-40 minutes SQ or IM |
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Precautions of phenothiazines |
- may lower seizure threshold - can cause profound hypotension - careful in geriatrics - permanent penile prolapse - nnt analgesic |
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Benzodiazepines |
Believes to cause the releases of GABA and inhibitory neurotransmitters |
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What is the action of benzodiazepines |
- antianxiety - skeletal muscle relaxation - anticonvulsant - minimal adverse effects |
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Other than a sedative what can benzodiazepines be used for |
Appetite stimulant orally in cats Inappropriate urination |
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Precautions for benzodiazepines |
Diazepam is hydrophobic short duration of action no analgesia cross the placenta reversible with flumazinil |
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Examples of benzodiazepines |
Zolazepam Midazolam |
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Benefits of Alpha- 2 agonists |
-potent sedatives -Quick onset -Analgesic -skeletal muscle relaxation -decrease the amount of general anesthetic required -reversible |
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Alpha-2 agonists have what major benefits |
- sedation lasts longer than analgesia
- wide margin of safety in young and healthy animals - useful for visceral pain- colic |
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Examples of alpha-2 agonists |
DexDomitor Xylazine Detomidine Romifidine |
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Precautions of alpha-2 agonists |
- Can cause vomiting (especially in cats) - stim CRTZ - desirable in an emergency - contraindicated in bloat, GDV - Hyperglycemia: no in diabetics |
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What happens to cattle with alpha-2 agonists |
most sensitive than horses ----- can develop rumen stasis |
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Alpha 2 antagonists reversals |
Yohimbine reverses xylazine Atipamezole reverses Dex Tolazoline reverses detomidine |
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Examples of opioids |
Morphine Oxymorphone Fentanyl Meperidine Burprenorphine Butorphanol Naloxone |
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Beneficial effects of opioids |
Sedation/CNS depression Analgesia |
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Opioids can be used with what for a preanesthetic |
- with ace and atropine - with butorphanol and ace |
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Adverse effects of opioids |
Fairly potent respiratory depression Reduce GI motility |
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Reversible for opioid adverse effects |
Naloxone and butrophanol |
