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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cardivascular system consists of
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>consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
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where does the heart recieve blood from?
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via the vessels
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arteries?
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usually carry blood away from the heart
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veins
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usually carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
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which veins and arteries are the exception?
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pulmonary arteries and veins
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where is the heart located?
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in the mediastinum
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what is the mediastinum
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between the sternum, the lungs, and thoracic vertebrae
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what is the pericardium?
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a double wall sac enclosing the heart
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The ? is double-walled sac enclosing the heart
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pericardium
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which is the outer layer and which is the inner?
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parietal (outer)
visceral(inner) |
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what is the visceral layer also reffered to as?
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epicardium
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three layers of the heart?
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Epicardium -same as visceral which lines the heart
Myocardium -biggest Endocardium -lines heart chambers |
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how does blood enter the right atrium via
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superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
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what happens once blood enters the right atrium
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blood flows through the tricuspid AV valve into the right ventricle
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what happens after the ventricle contracts?
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blood flows through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary arteries
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what do the pulmonary arteries do?
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deliver blood to the lungs where it is enriched with oxygen and exits pulmonary veins
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where is oxygenated blood delivered?
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left atrium pushed through bicuspid AV valve into the left ventricle
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what happens from there?
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From here the blood is pushed through the systemic semilunar valve, and the aorta and then out into the body.
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about the large heart vein?
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This large vein arises at the apex of the heart and passes toward the atria in the anterior interventricular groove.
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what happens after reaching the atrioventricular groove?
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it bends posteriorly around the left side of the heart to enter the coronary sinus
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what does the small cardiac vein do?
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drains capillaries from the posterior aspect of the left ventricle and joins the coronary sinus
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what does the middle cardiac vein do?
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drains blood from the apex of the ventricles and runs along the posterior surface of the ventricles to join the cardiac sinus.
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what is the coronary sinus
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is a wide venous channel on the posterior surface of the heart that receives blood from the cardiac veins and returns it to the right atrium. It opens into the medial wall of the right atrium.
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action potentials originate?
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sinoatrial node (SA node)
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then what happens to action potentials
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Travel across atrial wall to atrioventricular node (AV node)
They pass slowly through atrial wall so atria can contract APs pass rapidly through atrioventricular bundle and divides into left and right bundle branches APs descend quickly to the apex of each ventricle. Here they are carried by Purkinje fibers to the ventricle walls. |
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cardiac muscle is?
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autorythmic
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where are barorecptors located and what is response
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in cartoid sinus and arch of the aorta
they repsond to increase in blood pressure |
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what does increased blood pressure do?
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stretches cartoid arteries and aorta
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what do baroreceptors increase?
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action potential generation
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action potentials are?
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conducted to medulla oblongata (via glossopharyngeal nerve from baroreceptors in carotid sinus and vagus nerve from baroreceptors in aortic arch)
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what happens
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parasympethic stimulation to the heart increases this decreases heart rate and stroke volume
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what happens to blood vessels due to decreased sympathetic stimulation?
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vasodilation
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what work together?
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vasodilation as well as dec. heart rate, stroke volume work together to bring blood pressure back to normal.
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what is the space between the two layers?
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pericardial cavity
-filled with serous fluid |
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what do both layers of the heart have?
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mesothelium
which produces serous fluid |
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heart wall has ?
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3 layers
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are coronary veins merge into?
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coronary sinus
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