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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anthropologist
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a person who studies mankind and its aspects, especially culture
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Artifacts
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items that remain from history that can give us clues into the civilization and their culture
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Archaeologists
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a person who searches for artifacts and studies mans history
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Fossils
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a cast of an organism in rock
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Carbon 14
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a system of dating that uses carbon dating to determine the age of an artifact
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Paleolithic Characteristics
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beginning of the Stone Age; tonal language, cavemen, fire, hunter/gatherers, cavemen
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Neolithic Characteristics
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Actual language, farming, domestication of plants & animals
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The four early civilizations
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China, Yellow River; India, Indus River; Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent; and Egypt, Nile
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Theocracy
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government by god or priests
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Delta
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the head of a river, triangular were silt collects
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Papyrus
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reedy plant that grows on the Nile, used as paper and scrolls
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Cataracts
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rocky places with swift currents and rapids
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Hieroglyphics
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the picture writings of the Egyptians
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Ideogram
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another form of picture writings
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Rosetta Stone
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a slab that was used to translate hieroglyphics
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Champollion
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the French philosopher who deciphered the Rosetta Stone
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Kin Menes
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the king of Upper Egypt who conquered the North and reunited Egypt, first of the Old Kingdom Empires
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Three Kingdoms of Egypt:
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Old Kingdom- built most of Pyramids, Pharaoh thought to be a god
Middle Kingdom- encourage trade, falls to invaders New Kingdom- build up military, Sphinx, built great temple |
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Pharaoh
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the Egyptian king who was initially thought to be a God, had pyramids built to house body
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Sakkara
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the capitol of the Old Kingdom, and place of some pyramids
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Hyksos
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a group that ruled Egypt for almost 100 years, were overthrown by Thebes
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Osiris
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an Egyptian God who was the king and judge of the dead
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Queen Hatshepsut
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a great leader of Egypt, encouraged trade, the face of the sphinx
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Thutmose III
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the son of Hatshepsut, mined all that she had accomplished, built Egypt to largest size
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Amenhotep IV
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changed Egypt to monotheism of the sun god
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Ramses II
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The great Pharaoh who confronted the Hittites, marries a Hittite princess
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Cleopatra
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the last of the Pharaohs, was killed by Caesar in her alliance with Marc Antony
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Egyptian Firsts
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anatomy, performed surgery, hygiene, mummification
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Sumerians
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the first civilization, polytheists, cuneiform (first system of writing), base 60, arithmetic
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Ur
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the location in the Fertile Crescent where Sumer was
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Ziggurat
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a pyramid shaped temple
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Cuneiform
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the first ever system of writing invented by the Sumerians
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Sargon
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the Akkadian ruler who conquered Sumer and created the first ever empire
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Hammurabi
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the ruler who united Mesopotamia under Babylon, had the code, eye for an eye and schools
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Babylonians
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the people of Babylon who eventually conquered Mesopotamia
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Nebuchadnezzar
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the most famous Chaldean king, took Jerusalem, rebuilt Babylon, hanging gardens
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Cyrus
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the leader of the Persians; overthrew the Medes, builds world’s largest empire
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Darius
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leader of Persia after Cambyses, trains and pays army, Fails to conquer Greece, Used spies, had roads, minted money
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Xerxes
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tries to conquer Greece and fails, conquered by Alexander the Great
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Hominids
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pre humans, Lucy, a 4% skeleton, 4 ft, 3.3 million years old
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Homoerectus
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may have eaten flesh, walked up right, Peking, Java
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Homosapien
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Neanderthal
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Java man
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fire and walked
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Homosapien Sapien
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Cro-Magnon
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Assyrians
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were fierce warriors, used scare tactics, killing and maiming, built huge library at Nineveh, punished ruthlessly
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Hittites
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warlike Indo European tribe, settled around Turkey, had three-man chariot
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Hebrews
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the Jews, Abraham was first, God tells him to go to Canaan and he will be prosperous, Jacobs sons form 12 tribes, they are lead from Egyptian captivity by Moses, Moses is given 10 commandments, split into Judah and Israel, fell to Assyria, taken to Babylon as slaves, Persians allow to return home
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Sumerian Accomplishments
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cuneiform, math, canals, dykes, walled cities, seal, social order
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Phoenicians
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a wealthy trading society, at the west end of the fertile crescent sailors, founded Carthage
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