Pre History Of California

Front 1

What is salvage ethnography? What are the problems with salvage ethnography?

Back 1

salvage ethnography is based upon memory. memory can be faulty, it values precontact culture over modern. values elders knowledge over others.

Front 2

what are the advantages and disadvantages of hunting and gathering shellfish (versus large game)?

Back 2

shellfish are: predictable in location, ubiquitous, shell is a raw material for tools, non specialized technology to harvest, can be harvested by all members of society. BUT takes 4000 mussel shells to = one deer

Front 3

how do chester king and jeanne arnold differ in how they see the origins of social complexity?

Back 3

jeanne arnold: marxist exploitation of labor of commoners by elites. production of beads by attached specialists overseen by chiefs. chert outcrops owned by chiefs

chester king: simple capitalism (work harder=more rewards)

Front 4

what evidence shows chumash were matrilocal and matrilineal? what language did chumash speak?

Back 4

mission records conflict with popular belief. chiefs were the only ones patrilocal, and rest of society matrilocal.

they spoke at least 8 different languages because it was a family of languages.

Front 5

how did sex ratios change in SB before and after missionization? what explains this?

Back 5

before missionization the ration was 2:1 women. but by 1820 2:1 men. 1760 bad epidemic. 1801 diphtheria.

Front 6

what are the differences in health between males and females at the brazil mound? what does it tell us about people?

Back 6

females: higher degenerative joint disease, higher rates of tooth loss, slightly earlier age at death. higher rates of trauma.

Front 7

what are advantages and problems with the Central California Taxonomic System?

Back 7

abandoned terms like early, transitional, late bc they were too confusing and arbitrary. give regional specific names. spatial units, cultural units, and temporal units. but it created more confusion than it solved so people borrow bits and pieces

Front 8

culture element distributions

Back 8

series of basic questions. many biases. some ethnographies better and more detailed. rigid set of questions.

Front 9

direct historical approach

Back 9

assumes cultures are unchanging - uniformitarianism.

was a bead from 5000 bp used the same was as 200 bp.

Front 10

pre clovis

Back 10

what was here before people crossed the land bridge

Front 11

pleistocene environments

Back 11

colder: different plants and fauna.
sea level lower.
more precipitation.
more forested.

Front 12

millingstone horizon

Back 12

lots of stone tools. well worn deep basin. large projectile points.

Front 13

tomol

Back 13

wooden boats made from redwood driftwood from nor cal. caulked with tar. chiefs rented them out

Front 14

brazil mound

Back 14

huge cemetery. 120 burials. 80% flexed

Front 15

calico hills

Back 15

one of the first archaeological sites.

Front 16

santa rosa island

Back 16

pygmy mammoths.

Front 17

tulare lake

Back 17

now farm land. still floods. clovis. find bones of mega fauna. lots of points. context not good.

Front 18

borax lake

Back 18

clovis points. re-excavated.

Front 19

china lake

Back 19

fluted points. extinct mammal bones. survey work only.

Front 20

cross creek

Back 20

lots of groundstone and milling stone. lots of shell fish. stemmed points

Front 21

SBA-107

Back 21

uplifted coastal terrace
radiocarbon dates: 6340-8600bp

Front 22

glen annie canyon

Back 22

120+ millingstones and flake tools

Front 23

channel islands

Back 23

not much archaeological investigation.
lots of: chert drills, olivella biplicata debris, lotssss of olivella, thousands of cores, blades

Front 24

xon xon 'ata

Back 24

range of artifact types

Front 25

brazil mound

Back 25

near sac. excavated by sac jc. 120 burials.

Front 26

windmiller mound

Back 26

type site. more points relative to milling stones. fishing important.

Front 27

blossom mound

Back 27

230 burials extended facing west

Front 28

emeryville shellmound

Back 28

at least 2, prob more oringinally. most famous.

Front 29

kroeber

Back 29

student of boas

Front 30

ruth simpson

Back 30

principle investigator of calico hills

Front 31

george carter

Back 31

geographer. didnt really know what he was doing

Front 32

emma lou clavis

Back 32

china lake.

Front 33

chester king

Back 33

tomol dates earlier than 1500bp

Front 34

john johnson

Back 34

missionary who studied chumash

Front 35

nels nelson

Back 35

de-emphasizes CA archaeology, focuses on ethnography.

Front 36

elmer dawson

Back 36

phelps mound, blossom mound. kept meticulous notes

Front 37

uhle

Back 37

excavates emeryville shell mound