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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maya:
When did the Mayan people live? |
Between 2000 BC - 900 AD
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Where did the Mayan people settle?
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Mexico and Central America
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What are the accomplishments of the Mayans?
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Astronomy: developed accurate calendar and predicted eclipses.
Built elaborate palaces and towering temples. Elaborate systems of writing |
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How was Maya ruled?
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Maya had city states ruled by an ajaw (king) with help from nobles, priests and his family
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What were the Mayan's religious beliefs?
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Believed in many gods such as the moon god, sun god & rain god. Believed in human sacrifice to please the gods.
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When did the Aztec people live?
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Lived between 1325 and the early 1500's
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Where did the Aztec people live?
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Lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan.
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What were the accomplishments of the Aztec people? What were the known for?
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They were known for their temples, great cities and skilled craftsmanship.
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How was Aztec ruled?
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Ruled by a king.
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Describe the Aztec social ladder.
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King
Royal family and nobles Priests and warriors Commoners and crafts people Slaves |
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Who owned most of the land and oversaw the local government in the Aztec civilization
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The royal family and nobles.
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What were the Aztec's religious beliefs?
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They believed in many gods such as god of war, education, music, farm, and art.
Believed world would end violently - made many human sacrifices to postpone the end of the world. |
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When did the Incas live?
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They lived between the 1400's and 1532.
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Where did the Incas live?
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They lived along the coast of South America, in Peru and Chile.
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What were the Incas' accomplishments? What were they known for?
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They were masters builders known for durable bridges and complex road systems. They were expert farmers.
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On what terrain (type of land) did the Inca people farm?
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Mountainous terrain in the Andes mountains.
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How did the Incas solve the problem of faming in the Andes mountains?
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They cut huge steps or terraces into the mountain side.
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Who ruled the Incas?
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They were ruled by an emporer.
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Describe the Incas society.
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The society was organized like a pyramid.
Emperor and his family 2 Noble classes Farmers and peasants who provide labor |
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What were the Incas religious beliefs?
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They believed in may gods such as the moon god, thunder god and sun god.
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What god was the most important the the Incas?
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The sun god. They believed the sun god was the protector of the Incan people.
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Did the Incan people have a writing system?
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No
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Why did the 15th century European traders want to find ocean routes to Asia?
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It was nearly impossible for traders to pass through the Middle East because they were closed and controlled by the Ottoman Turks. Arabs controlled the Indian Ocean.
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Why did European countries want to explore travel routes?
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They wanted to become richer through trade, wanted to establish colonies in other lands, and wanted to be admired for their successful voyages.
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Europeans hoped to find new routes to Asia by sailing in which direction?
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Both east and west.
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Who were the key European participants in sea exploration?
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Portugal, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands.
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What country was the first European sea power?
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Portugal
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What did Portugal hope to accomplish through sea exploration?
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They wanted to find and map a sea route from Portugal to Africa and Asia in order to trade spices, silks, ivory and gold.
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What country is famous for hiring daring sea captains to explore and map the western coastline of Africa?
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Portugal
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In the 1400's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella hired what sea captain to explore for Spain?
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Christopher Columbus
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What country claimed more land than any other European nation through sea exploration?
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Spain
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What land claims did Spain hold?
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Mexico, Central America, almost all of the West Indies, sections of South America, and a section of southwestern United States.
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What water route did Spain want Christopher Columbus to find?
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They wanted him to find a faster water route to the orient.
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What country did King Francis I come from?
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France
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What water route did France set out to find?
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They wanted to find a water route across the northern section of the New World ( the northwest passage) as a faster trade route to Asia.
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The French explored the northern part of what continent?
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The northern part of the North American Continent (Canada). Areas such as Quebec and Montreal.
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France was interested in setting up what kind of trading posts in Canada?
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Trading posts specializing in the trade of furs.
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The English explorers concentrated on what part of America, north or south?
Why? |
They concentrated on the northern part of America because Spain controlled most of South America.
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King Henry sent John Cabot to sail west to Asia to claim land and establish new trade routes for what country?
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England
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Sebastian Cabot (John Cabot's son) also sailed for England. Much of his time was spent doing what?
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Mapping land so English rulers would have geographical information when colonizing the eastern sea coast.
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What nation came into power in the 1600's and why?
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The Netherlands, because Dutch ships supplied one half of the nation's trade goods.
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What company was developed to organize trade coming out to the Orient?
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The Dutch East India Company.
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The Dutch East India Company hired explorers to do what?
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To find quicker trade routes all over the world.
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What explorer sailed for the Dutch East India Company?
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Henry Hudson
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What explorer explored the eastern coast of North America and laid claims of land for the Dutch?
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Henry Hudson
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Name a Spanish conqueror who explored in the early 1500's.
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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Balboa took control of an expedition to Panama and established a colony called what?
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Darien
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Where was the colony called Darien located?
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Panama
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Who was the governor of the colony, Darien, in Panama?
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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On one journey to Panama, on a high mountain, Balboa saw what ocean?
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The Pacific Ocean
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When Balboa first saw the Pacific Ocean, what did he call it?
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The South Sea
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Who was the first European to see the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean?
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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John Cabot sailed for King Henry VII, of England in search of what?
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A Northwest Passage.
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John Cabot's charter was to claim land for what country?
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England
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John Cabot first landed in what country thinking he was in China
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Canada
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On John Cabot's second trip, he crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed in what present day state?
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North Carolina
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Did John Cabot find the Northwest Passage?
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No
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While searching for the Northwest Passage, John Sebastian found what land?
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Newfoundland
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What industry did England benefit from off the coast of Newfoundland?
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The cod fishing industry
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Sebastian Cabot is known for his discoveries along much of what coast?
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The eastern coast of North America
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What did Sebastian Cabot do that helped the English plan for colonies in North America?
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He made maps and charts of the eastern coast of North America.
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Jacques Cartier sailed for what country?
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France
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What was Cartier very interested in finding?
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Gold and a Northwest Passage
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King Francis I was king of what country?
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France
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In 1534, Cartier claimed much of what country for France?
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Canada
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What river did Cartier discover that was a major achievement because it was a gateway to interior North America and the Great Lakes.
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The Saint Lawrence river
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Cartier set up a French settlement in what country?
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Canada
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Who did Cartier establish a trading relationship with
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The Micmas and Hurons, native tribes from Canada.
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Why did Cartier feel his voyage was a failure?
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Because he did not find an inland water route to the Pacific.
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France laid a large claim to parts of Canada due to what mans explorations?
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Jacques Cartier
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Who was given the task of turning the French claims in Canada into permanent colonies?
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Samuel De Champlain
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De Champlain's colonizing efforts lead to what title?
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"The Father of New France"
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In 1608, De Champlain founded the first permanent city in North America to be settled by Europeans. What city did he found?
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Quebec
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De Champlain founded and settled Quebec and what other city in Canada?
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Montreal
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Who discovered Lake Champlain?
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Samuel De Champlain
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What explorer proved the Far East could be reached by sailing west?
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Christopher Columbus
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Who did Christopher Columbus sail for?
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He sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
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Columbus sailed to the Canary Islands, then west off the coast of Africa. After 2 months where did he land?
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The Bahamas
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When Columbus landed in the Bahamas where did he think he was?
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An island off Asia
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When Christopher Columbus died, did he believe he had reached the Far East?
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Yes
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Henry Hudson sailed for what country before he was hired by the Dutch East India Company?
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England
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For England, Hudson sailed trying to locate what passage? Was he successful?
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The Northwest Passage.
No |
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Hired by the Dutch East India Company, Hudson sailed again looking for the Northwest Passage. He left Holland, sailed toward Greenland and landed in what state?
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New York State
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Hudson claimed some land in North America and had three bodies of water named after him. What were they?
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The Hudson Bay, the Hudson River and the Hudson Strait.
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On one of Hudson's sails, food was low and the crew was freezing and dying. What did the crew do?
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They took over the ship (mutinied) and put Hudson and his son on an open boat and let them loose on the water.
No one knows if they survived. |
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Ferdinand Magellan was Portuguese but sailed for what country?
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Spain
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Magellan wanted to find a western route to Asia by passing through what continents?
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The Americas
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In 1519, while sailing around South America, Magellan discovered a strait called what?
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The Strait of Magellan
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Who discovered the Strait of Magellan?
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Ferdinand Magellan
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In 1520, Magellan entered the South Sea and renamed it what?
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The Pacific Ocean
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What is the meaning of the name Pacific Ocean?
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Peaceful Waters
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How was Magellan killed?
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He was killed by natives in the Philippines.
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Magellan sailed the Pacific Ocean, reached the Philippines, then his crew sailed to the East Indies and badk to Spain. What did this prove?
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It proved the world was round. It gave mapmakers an idea of the size of the world.
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Where did Juan Ponce de Leon found a colony?
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Puerto Rico
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What made Ponce de Leon the richest man in the New World?
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The gold he found on Puerto Rico.
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What state did Ponce de Leon found and name for its' beautiful flowers?
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Florida
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What country did Ponce de Leon claim Florida for?
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Spain
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Who did Ponce de Leon once sail with?
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Christopher Columbus
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Ponce de Leon found a water way between Cuba and the tip of Florida. What is it named?
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The Bahama Channel
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It was rumored (not proven) that Ponce de Leon was looking for what fountain?
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The Fountain of Youth
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Amerigo Vespucci was a merchant who led expeditions for what country?
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Italy
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The Americas were named in honor of what explorer?
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Amerigo Vespucci
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What discoveries did Vespucci make that caused an important change in geography and map making?
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Vespucci developed a system of latitude that helped estimate the circumference of the earth.
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What explorer determined that South America was a separate continent and that it was not part of Asia?
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Amerigo Vespucci
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What is a conquistador?
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An adventurer and a CONQUEROR
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Who was Hernando Cortez? What did he do?
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Cortez was a conquistador.
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