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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wilmot Proviso
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1846 - David Wilmot stated that there will be no slavery in any territories gained by the US as a result of the defeat of Mexico. It was passed by the House of Representatives by failed to pass the senate.
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John C Calhun
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said that it wasn't up to the US Congress to legislate if slavery should be in new territories or not (although in the past they could, with the Missouri Compromise)
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Gold Rush
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1849 - Gold is discovered in CA. Should have been kept a secret but President Polk told congress. 100,000 people went to CA in 1 year - non were southerners, CA became a free state went entered into the union.
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Election of 1848
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Wigs ran Zachary Taylor and Dems ran Louis Cass. Taylor won.
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Popular Sovereignty
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1848 - let people in territories decide whether or not it should be free or slave which is better than letting congress decide and was democratic.
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Lincoln's outlook on slavery
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The slaves state of the originial 13 colonies had a constitutional right to their slaves but he did not want it to spread
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California - free or slave state?
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Taylor was faced with decision.
JCCalhun said southerners fought in Mex war so they should make it a slave state or else they'll leave the union. |
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Compromise of 1850
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proposed by Henry Clay saying that
For the the North: California will enter the union as a free state. For the south: Fugitive Slave Law UT & NV which was new acquired land would use popular sovereignty. Slave trade would be forbidden in WDC. Calhun spoke out against it Taylor oppose it and refused to sign it into law |
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Fugitive Slave Law
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If slaves go North, they will be brought back. Became Illegal to help slaves to freedom.
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Underground Railroad
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Harriet Tubman
Escape Rt. to North about 1k slaves escaped every year 20k escaped in all Not a success (20k/4 mil) South was paranoid about it |
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Millard Fillmore
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When Taylor died in 1850, Filmore became President and signed the Compromise of 1850 into office
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Failure of Compromise of 1850
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Fugitive Slave Law wasn't enforced in the North b/c Northerners refused to abide by it (bad, immoral).
Northerners continued to hide slaves |
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Personal Liberty Laws
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**States Rights**
Slaves became free when they arrived in one of these states. made south furious - thought they were tricked |
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Election of 1852
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Wigs: Windfield Scott - war hero from Mexican War
Dems: Franklin Pierce (gov of NH but supported southern interests) Pierce won |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriett B Stow
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1852 - best selling novel in the north about Tom, a slave, who was sold from master to master. Presented slavery as a horrible institution, very real, killed the myth that slaves were one big family.
south became furious at this and claimed she knew nothing about slavery widened sectional gap |
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Spanish in Cuba seized American Ship
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1853 - South were still upset about comp1850 and wanted more slave territory to make up for CA so went to Pierce to convince him to seize Cuba to use for slave territory.
*war with Spain and their allies was a concern |
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Olsend Manifesto
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Pierce asked his advisers if war with Spain would be a terrible idea.
Concluded that the likely hood of a big war wasn't great but should try to buy Cuba instead for $130million Wigs found out about document and demanded it was made public as a result, the country became furious that Pierce was willing to go to war to spread slavery |
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Stephen Douglas
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Senator from IL, dem.
wanted to be president very badly and needed a issue to galvanize the US so decided to sponsor the first transcontinental railroad |
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Transcontinental Railroad Problems
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there were a lot of Indians in the great plains and Prairie. Very fierce tribes and warriors such as the Sioux
Buffalo : 20 million |
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Sioux Indians
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most fierce Indian tribe ever
thousands |
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Solution to Indians and Buffalo Problem
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Kill off buffalo so Indians would have nothing to eat
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John Deer's Plow
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made it possible to grow food
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Kansas Nebraska Act
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1854 - Kansas & Nebraska were entered as new territories and popular sovereignty was used to decided if they were slave or free states.
It was thought that KS would be a slave state b/c people who settle it will mostly be slave owners or pro slavery It was thought that NE would be a free state b/c its colder and would be inhabited by anti-slavery settlers |
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Problem with KS-NE act
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Missouri Compromise said there would be no slaves states above Missouri (36-30 line), therefore KS would have to be a free state which was impossible
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Missouri Compromise Repealed
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Word got out and the North was furious and rushed to KS to vote "free" and went with guns. Southerners also rushed to KS with guns to vote "slave"
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Bleeding Kansas
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War erupted in Kansas when northerners and southerners rushed to KS to vote for it to be free/slave state
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John Brown
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Very violent white abolitionist
believed in ideology that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to rise up and kill masters. |
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Patowatome Massacre
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1856 - John Brown & sons went to KS and dragged an entire family out of their cabin and chopped them up
Hightened tensions |
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Dred Scott Case
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1857 - Scott was property of an army dr. in St. Louis. The doctor traveled out of MO and was in WI territory. Dr. died in 1846 and his widow wanted to sell Scott. Abolishionists claimed that he was not a slave anymore b/c he lived above the 36-30 line, therefore she had no right to sell him. Scott won but the widow appealed the case and it went to higher level courts and finally the supreme court.
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Taney & Courts decision on Dred Scott Case
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1. Dred Scott had no business appearing before the supreme court because he was not considered a citizen
2. Scott was still a slave and the widow had the right to sell him b/c livin about the 36-30 line does not make him free b/c it'd be depriving of property without due process. Slavery can be anywhere. Popular sovereignty and MO compromise were therefore unconstitutional. |
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Republican Party
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Whig party had died out and the north the Republican Party emerged.
Sectional party (only in the north). |
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John Brown resurfaced in the East
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JBrown wanted to start a race war between slaves and masters. His plan was to be funded by wealthy abolitionists, attack an arsenal in VA.
Word got out that he was there and was trapped by the local militia and captured, put on trial and hung for treason. "This land must be purged with blood" |
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Election of 1860
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Most important election in American History (decided fate of country)
Lincoln v Stephen Douglas v Breckinridge v Bell |
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Democratic Convention 1860
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big fight b/c southerners wanted Douglas to come out and support slavery as good or else they would not support him. Douglas refused - he believed in popular sovereignty
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Baltimore Convention & Southern Convention
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Baltimore : Douglas nominated by northern democrats
Southern: John Breckinridge nominated by southern deomocrats |
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John Bell & Third Party
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Constitutional Union Party
believed country was falling apart and he was going to try to keep it together |
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Results of Election of 1860
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Lincoln won with 40% of vote
Triggered secession |
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Secession & Confederate States of America
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began with South Carolina followed by Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas
Capital at Montgomery, AL |
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John Crittenden Compromise
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1861 - extend the 36-30 line to the pacific ocean
Lincoln refused - wanted no extension of slavery |
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Lincoln's Inaugural Address
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He did not believe that the states had the pwer to secede.
He welcomed the southern states back into the union. He will not interferer with slavery in the original slave states. Slavery cannot continue spread. |
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Fort Sumpter
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As soon as secession occurred, confed states seized all federal property in the south (army bases, post offices, arsonals, armeries, federal forts) w/o bloodshed. Fort Sumpter in SC refused to surrender and there was a standoff.
Sumpter was running out of food, medicine, and weapons. Lincoln decided to send only food and medicine but Confeds fired anyway. Lincoln made sure that the confederates were the ones thats started the war |
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More secession
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Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virgina (west refused to secede)
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Border States
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Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland were slave states that remained loyal to the union
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