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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Max Plank had theorized that
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energy is made up of discrete amounts of energy called quanta. This theory seemed to give waves properties to particles
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DeBroglie's thought if Plank were correct then
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it might be possible for particles to have some of properties of waves
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1.DB came up with the equation
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1.λ =h/mv
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1.λ =h/mv
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1.λ(lambda) = wavelength (m)
2.h= planks constant 6.626 x 10^-34 J/Hz 3.m=mass (kg) 4.v=velocity (m/s) |
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Light has the properties of both
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waves and particles
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Particles (matter) also have
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both properties
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in large particles we can
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ignore wave characteristics
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in small particles (like electrons) we
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cant ignore wave characteristics
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We cannot observe both
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both the wave characteristics and particle characteristics of an electron at the same time
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The two sided nature of waves and particles is called
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wave particle duality of nature
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momentum
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a vector quantity which consists of mass times velocity
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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
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the exact position and momentum of an electron can't be determined at the same time.
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The more certain we are of the momentum the less certain we are of
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position and vice versa
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probability=
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I.the number of times in position X
///////sum of times in all positions |
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in an atom there are many points of
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=probability
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if all points of =probability are connected,
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some 3-D shape is formed
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an electron effectively occupies all the space around
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nucleus
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the position of an electron can be represented by
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cloud
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The max # of electrons in an energy level=
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2n^2
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each electron can be described by
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a unique set of 4 quantum #s (n, l, m, s)
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1.The second quantum number , l ,
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describes sublevels
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an energy level is actually made up of
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many energy states closely grouped together (sublevels)
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the # of sublevels in an energy level =
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the value of n, the principle quantum #
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sublevels are named (
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(s, p, d, f, ((lowest to highest)))
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therefore the first energy level has only
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an s and the 4th has s, p, d, f
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1.There is overlapping in the 3rd and 4th levels and
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1.as you go higher (4th and 5th), (6th and 7th) there is even more
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the 3rd quantum # is m, represents
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orbitals and indicated their direction in space
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he space that can be occupied by one pair of electrons is called
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orbital
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