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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve? |
X - vagus |
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Ms. Brown, a 70-year-old retired female, was admitted to the hospital following a CVA. The SLP conducted a comprehensive evaluation that revealed the presence of left-side neglect, anosognosia (denial of impairment), and visuospatial problems, including prosopagnosia (difficulty recognizing familiar faces). Although her auditory comprehension and repetition skills were good, she experienced difficulty with topic maintenance and turn taking. Based on the clinical features described, Ms. Brown’s diagnostic classification would most likely be |
Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage |
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A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the tongue and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous system? |
brain stem |
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Which of the following constitutes the major component of an audiologic rehabilitation program for infants with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss? |
Parent-mediated auditory stimulation |
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A child exhibits the following production errors.w/rθ/st/ʃt/tʃz/dʒt/kd/gIf a target sound for initial intervention is to be selected on the basis of established developmental norms, then that sound will be |
k |
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Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which of the following? |
Eustachian tube dysfunction |
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Which of the following, if observed in the speech of an African American child, is most likely to represent a dialectical variation rather than an articulation error? |
/f/ for /θ/ in postvocalic position |
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Children diagnosed as having specific language impairments are likely to exhibit the greatest deficits in which of the following? |
Production of sentences with appropriate inflectional morphology and syntax |
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The major objective of auditory training in the treatment of a client with a hearing loss is to |
teach the client to make discriminations among speech sounds |
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Which of the following is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes between an unreleased final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in “cap” versus “cab”? |
Duration of the preceding vowel |
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Language intervention for a child at the one-word stage should be most strongly influenced by a consideration of the child’s |
cognitive skills |
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A single exposure of several hours duration to continuous music with an overall level of 100 dB SPL will most likely produce |
tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies |
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According to research on the development of Brown’s morphemes in young children, which of the following is a determinant of acquisition order? |
Semantic and syntactic complexity |
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ohn is a 4 1/2 year old whose consonantal inventory includes word-initial [ w ], [ m ], [ n ], [ p ], [ b ], [ t ], [ d ], and [ f ]. He uses [ t ] for /k/, [ d ] for /ɡ/, [ b ] for /v/, and [ f ] for /θ/. He produces no consonant clusters. His word-final consonantal inventory consists of [m] and [n]. His word shape inventory includes V, CV, CVC, and CVCV. The information given most strongly indicates that the child has |
delayed phonological development |
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After sustaining a CVA, Ms. Williams, age 75, was referred to an SLP for a speech and language evaluation. While Ms. Williams was describing the cookie-theft picture, the SLP observed that her grammatical structure appeared to be intact and her prosody was normal but that many of her sentences were meaningless, did not fit the context, and included nonsensical paraphasic errors. Additional testing also revealed that Ms. Williams exhibited poor repetition and naming skills, did not respond appropriately to many simple commands, and had difficulty reading. Ms. Williams appeared happy and talked excessively. She did not appear to be aware of her communication deficits. What is the most likely location of the lesion? |
Left posterior superior temporal gyrus |
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Excessive nasality is associated with inadequate velopharyngeal closure. An SLP is training a client to self-monitor nasality during speech. Which of the following tactics will best allow the speaker to determine whether there is excessive nasal airflow? |
Speaking/phonating while alternately leaving the nostrils open and pinching them closed |
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Immediately following removal of a benign tumor from the base of the brain, a 76-year-old client exhibits severe nasalization and a weak, breathy voice. A four-month postsurgical assessment reveals no improvement. At this time, the remediation strategy for this client should focus on |
evaluation for prosthetic or surgical intervention |
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A 12-year-old native speaker of Spanish who has been studying English as a second language for three years is most likely to do which of the following when speaking English in casual conversation with teachers at school? |
Use multiple negation improperly |
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Which of the following procedures would be effective in remediating a falsetto voice for an adult male with a severe bilateral hearing loss? |
Manual depression of the larynx |
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A prospective client is described as a man in his forties who is under chronic stress. He uses his voice extensively in daily life has a hard-driving personality, and exhibits glottal fry. The client has the classic profile of a person at high risk for |
contact ulcers |
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about whispered speech? |
It is composed largely of aperiodic sounds. |
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Which of the following is a type of perturbation that can be measured to determine the amount of noise in the voice? |
F0 cycle-to-cycle variations in sound energy over time |
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Which of the following describes an important diagnostic distinction between apraxia of speech and dysarthria? |
Strength and coordination of the speech musculature are intact in clients with apraxia of speech, whereas slowness, weakness, incoordination, or altered tone of the speech musculature are associated with dysarthria. |
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Naturalistic teaching chiefly involves which of the following? |
Establishing successful and useful communication |
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A 67-year-old male patient with no history of swallowing problems has undergone a cardiothoracic surgical procedure. Postoperatively, he is found to be aspirating while swallowing and is diagnosed with a left vocal-fold paralysis and left pharyngeal paresis. Which of the following is the most likely etiology? |
Damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve |
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Which of the following muscles produces the opposing action to those that produce velopharyngeal closure? |
Palatoglossus |
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An otolaryngologist has referred a 45-year-old man for voice treatment following medialization thyroplasty for a paralyzed vocal fold. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for the SLP to use? |
Assisting the patient to produce a hard glottal attack |
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Compared with children who do not have language disorders, children with language disorders tend to |
ask fewer open-ended questions |
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Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is characterized by slow, arrhythmic writhing and involuntary movements of the extremities? |
Athetosis |
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For a test of expressive morphology and syntax for speakers of African American Vernacular English (AAVE), the test item that would be considered LEAST biased against such speakers would be one requiring |
agreement of personal pronouns with their antecedents in gender and number |
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Research regarding the use of intensive phonemic-awareness treatment for children who have difficulty learning to read has demonstrated that the treatment |
might have no direct relationship to improvement in reading abilities |
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A child with discourse problems is most likely to need remediation directed at which of the following? |
Cohesive devices |
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In the treatment of voice disorders, the chewing technique is used to do which of the following? |
Reduce tension in the laryngeal area |
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An SLP is planning treatment for a 5-year-old child with multiple speech-production errors. The most effective strategy the clinician can use to treat the child is to |
delineate phonological processes in operation and address them through minimal-contrast pairs |
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A teacher asks the speech-language pathologist for advice regarding a child who talks excessively during class, rarely listens to instructions, and does work only intermittently. Attempts at alternative seating for the child have not been successful. Of the following, which is the most appropriate recommendation that the speech-language pathologist can provide to the teacher? |
Refer the child for evaluation by members of the child-study team |
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A disfluent 4-year-old child is referred to an SLP for assessment. Which of the following is most important for the SLP to consider in deciding whether the child is developmentally nonfluent or stuttering? |
The nature and frequency of the child’s disfluencies |
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Native speakers of a language possess several capacities or abilities that provide insight into their language competence. Sentences such as “Visiting friends can be a nuisance” are especially useful to test a person’s ability to |
recognize syntactic ambiguity |
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Control over the fundamental frequency of the laryngeal tone is most closely related to the activity of which of the following muscles? |
Cricothyroid |
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Which of the following areas needs to be evaluated first for a 5 year old who says [pun] for “spoon” and [top] for “soap”? |
Phonological system |
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For which of the following conditions is it most appropriate for the SLP to recommend that the patient’s primary-care physician refer the patient to a prosthodontist for construction of a palatal-lift appliance? |
Flaccid paralysis of the soft palate |
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Which of the following is a typical symptom of cerebellar involvement? |
Overshooting or undershooting an intended target |
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Following anoxic encephalopathy, clients are likely to experience the most significant long-term impairments in the area of |
memory |
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Individuals diagnosed as having hemifacial microsomia are also most likely to have |
ear malformation |
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A child repeatedly inserts an inappropriate sound in certain environments; for example, [fpɪʃ] for [fɪʃ] . Which of the following would likely be most helpful for the child as a target for treatment? |
Words that contrast the child’s error pattern with the target pattern in the word |
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The sensorimotor integration of the muscles of the lower face depends on which two of the cranial nerves? |
The trigeminal and facial |
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Which of the following communication disorders is most frequently associated with significant dysphagia? |
Flaccid dysarthria |
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Which of the following is the ratio of reinforcement that will most quickly cause a newly acquired behavior to be habituated? |
A random ratio of tokens to correct responses |
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An adult client exhibits visuospatial disorganization, an inability to initiate interactions, left-side neglect, and lack of facial expression. This combination of symptoms is most likely associated with which of the following? |
Right-hemisphere traumatic brain injury |
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A physician told the spouse of a client that melodic intonation therapy (MIT) would improve the client’s speech considerably. The most appropriate next action by the SLP would be to |
consider the potential value of incorporating MIT into the client’s treatment |
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Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for vocal fold abduction? |
Posterior cricoarytenoid |
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An individual attempting to sustain /f/ is shown in the midsagittal view above. The most important reason why this speaker will not produce an acceptable /f/ is that |
intraoral air pressure will be insufficient |
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If a child’s language exhibits the phonological process of gliding, the child might say [wɛd] for “red.” When asked, “Do you mean wed?” the child may respond, “No! [wɛd]!” Such a response demonstrates which of the following? |
Linguistic performance lags behind linguistic competence |
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Establishment of which of the following is most important in ensuring that the results of any diagnostic test of speech or language are replicable? |
Interjudge reliability |
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Linguistic approaches to the treatment of sound-production errors in children are based on the notion that the errors are systematic and rule-based and that the goal of treatment is to modify a child’s rule system to approximate the rule system used by adults. Which of the following is a treatment objective that reflects a linguistic approach to treatment? |
The child will contrast alveolar stops with velar stops in meaningful word pairs |
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A 3-year-old child presents for an evaluation of communication skills. When the SLP says “Sit in your seat,” the child responds by saying [tɪ ɪ ti]. When the SLP asks the child to “put the big block in the box,” the child responds by saying [bɪ bɑ ɪ bɑ].Based on the responses, the child’s primary problem with communication is most likely which of the following? |
A receptive and/or expressive language impairment |
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Laborious, halting, telegraphic utterances are typical of clients with which of the following types of aphasia? |
Transcortical motor |
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A 4.5-year-old boy has significant speech and language difficulties exemplified by poor oral-motor control, slight difficulty in swallowing, high palate, poor tongue mobility, and fasticulation on protrusion. During an evaluation, the speech-language pathologist notes very poor paper-and-pencil grasp, poor posture, and an inability to complete performance tasks requiring fine motor control. To which of the following should the child be referred in order to obtain additional diagnostic information? |
A neurologist |
