Praxis Physiological And Acoustic Phonetics

Front 1

_______ smallest units of sound that can affect meaning.

Back 1

Phonemes

Front 2

______ variations of phonemes. They do not change word meanings, and , although one person's pronunciation can be measurably distinct from another person's.

Back 2

Allophones

Front 3

When something is transcribed with slashes what kind of transcription is this?

Back 3

Phonemic transcription

Front 4

When something is transcribed with brackets what kind of transcription is this?

Back 4

Phonetic transcription

Front 5

What is the smallest phonetic unit?

Back 5

Syllable

Front 6

Motor unit is composed of what three parts?

Back 6

1) Onset-- initial consonant or consonant cluster of the syllable
2) Nucleus--vowel or dipthong in the middle of the syllable
3) Coda--the consonant at the end of the syllable, created by arrest of the syllable pulse

Front 7

True/False: Consonants can stand alone just as vowels can.

Back 7

FALSE: consonants cannot stand alone, vowels can. Consonants function only with vowels.

Front 8

All vowels can be termed syllabics because they carry syllables. Which consonants have a syllabic nature?

Back 8

/l/, /n/, /m/

Front 9

_______ syllables end in vowels

Back 9

Open

Front 10

______ syllables end in consonants

Back 10

Closed

Front 11

A _______ _____ is a unique characteristic of a phoneme that distinguishes one phoneme from another, although many phonemes share certain features.

Back 11

distinctive feature

Front 12

This kind of analysis categorizes consonants in terms of three parameters: place, voice, and manner of production.

Back 12

Place-voice-manner analysis

Front 13

This refers to the degree or type of constriction of the vocal tract during consonant production

Back 13

Manner of articulation

Front 14

These sounds include all vowels and the consonants /r/ and /l/. They have little constriction and are associated with spontaneous voicing.

Back 14

Vocalic

Front 15

These sounds are produced when the dorsum of the tongue contacts the velum

Back 15

Linguavelars /g/, /j/. /ing/

Front 16

These sounds are produced when the tongue blade is pressed against the hard palate to form the point of constriction just posterior to the alveolar ridge

Back 16

Linguapalatals

Front 17

These are produced by contact of the tip of tongue with the alveolar ridge

Back 17

Lingua-alveolars

Front 18

These sounds are produced by protruding the tongue tip slightly between the cutting edge of the lower and upper front teeth, forming a narrow constriction.

Back 18

Linguadentals AKA Interdentals

Front 19

These sounds are produced by lowering the velum to keep the velopharyngeal port open. The open velopharyngeal port allows the sound produced by the vibrating vocal folds to pass through the nasal cavity.

Back 19

Nasal

Front 20

These sound derive their name from the friction---as hissing-type quality---that results from the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction.

Back 20

Fricatives

Front 21

These sounds are also called semivowels and sonorants and are produced by a quick transition of the articulators as they move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them.

The term ONGLIDE is used to describe this movement.

Back 21

Glides

/w/ /j/

Front 22

These sounds are produced with the least oral cavity restrictions of all the consonants. The vocal tract is obstructed only slightly more than for vowels.

Back 22

Liquids

/l/ /r/

Front 23

T/F All vowels are voiced

Back 23

TRUTH

Front 24

______ include all vowels. These sounds are produced without a marked constriction in the vocal tract.

Back 24

Vocalics

Front 25

_______ include all vowels. These are produced by an airstream that passes unconstructed through oral or nasal cavity

Back 25

Sonorant

Front 26

These sounds are produced with the lips protruded or rounded.

Back 26

Rounded

Front 27

These sounds are produced with muscle contraction of tension at the root of the tongue.

Back 27

Tense

Front 28

These sounds are produced when the tongue is in a position anterior to the neutral schwa position

Back 28

Front

Front 29

These sounds are produced with the tongue retracted from the neutral schwa position.

Back 29

Back

Front 30

_______ vowels are made with tongue elevated above the neutral schwa position

Back 30

High vowels

Front 31

_____ vowels are made with the tongue lowered from the neutral schwa position

Back 31

Low vowels

Front 32

In _____ speech sounds are modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds.

In the phrase, "great zoo" the /z/ is devoiced because of the voiceless /t/ in the preceding word

Back 32

Assimilation

Front 33

_________ refers to the influence of one phoneme upon another phoneme in production or perception. Two different articulators move simultaneously to produce to different speech sounds. This created both adaptation and assimilation.

Back 33

Coarticulation

Front 34

_________, also referred to as features of prosody, add meaning, variety, and color to running speech. They involve larger units as syllables, words, phrases, and sentences than individual units or segmentals.

Back 34

Suprasegmentals

Front 35

______ of vowels and consonants is related to syllable perception and production. If syllables have long vowels, they tend to have short consonants and vice versa.

Back 35

Length

Front 36

Name the 4 ways stressed syllables differ from unstressed syllables

Back 36

1) Louder
2) Longer
3) Higher in pitch
4) Greater muscular effort

Front 37

______, AKA vocal punctuation, is a combination of suprasegmentals, such as intonation and pausing, that mark special distinctions or grammatical divisions in speech.

Back 37

Juncture

Front 38

________ motion or wave is a wave with horizontal and vertical symmetry because it contains one peak or crest and one valley or trough. It contains a single frequency and is a result of simple harmonic motion.

Back 38

Sinusoidal

Front 39

_______ waves are those that do not repeat themselves at regular intervals. ______ waves do repeat. These are vibrations that make up a complex tone.

Back 39

Aperiodic, periodic

Front 40

This is an indication of the interval between two frequencies.

Back 40

Octave

Front 41

This can be defined as the tone produced by the vibration of the VFs before air reaches any cavities. It is the first harmonic.

Back 41

Fundamental Frequency

Front 42

This refers to the time between the release of the stop consonant and the beginning of the vowel. The time required to initiate sound at the vocal fold level.

Back 42

Voice Onset Time