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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common unit of organization in prose |
Sentence |
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Assonance |
Repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in stressed syllables.... "Near rhyme" the quiet bride cried |
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Iambic meter |
Unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable |
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Anapestic meter |
Two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable |
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Trochaic meter |
One stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable |
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Dactylic meter |
Stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables |
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Spondaic meter |
Two consecutive syllables that are stressed almost equally |
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Pyrrhic meter |
Two consecutive syllables that are equally unstressed |
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Blank verse poetry, examples |
Unrhymed Iambic pentameter Five feet (sets) of un/stressed syllables Shakespeare, Milton, TS Eliot The Waste Land |
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Free verse poetry examples |
KJV Psalms Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass Ezra Pound William Carlos Williams |
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What is the short story related to |
Fable, exemplum, folk tale |
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Short story writers |
William Faulkner Katherine Anne Porter Eudora Welty Flannels OConnor O Henry JD Salinger |
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Spenserian stanza rhyme pattern |
A B A BBC BCC |
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Phonological awareness |
Ability to perceive sound structures in a spoken word, such as syllables and the individual phonemes within syllables |
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Phonological awareness is a ___ skill |
Auditory ... Doesn't necessarily involve print |
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is oral language a prerequisite to written language? |
no
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immature form of language development
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babbling |
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immature form of written language development
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scribbling
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can written language develop without direct instruction?
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yes |
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kwl chart |
know, want to know, learned |
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decoding |
method or strategy used to make sense of printed words and figure out how to correctly pronounce them... also: skills needed to determine the meaning of a sentence |
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fluency |
ability to read accurately and quickly |
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evidence of fluency |
ability to recognize words automatically and group words for comprehension |
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two types of noun suffixes |
denotes the act of/state of/quality of ("ment", "ism", "hood", "ship") denotes the doer ("eer") |
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4 verb suffixes |
en ate fy ize |
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adjectival suffixes |
ful ish less able |
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4 types of context clues |
synonyms antonyms explanations examples |
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literal comprehension |
skills a reader uses to deal with the actual words in a text |
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critical comprehension |
analysis of meaning, evaluation, validation, questioning, reasoning skills |
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3 categories of metacognitive skills |
awareness planning self-monitoring and reflection |
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synecdoche |
use of a part of something to signify the whole "boots on the ground" |
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metonymy |
use of one term that is closely associated with another to mean the other "crown" meaning monarchy |
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graphic organizer: reading
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beginning, middle end graphs event maps |
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graphic organizer: science |
charts, for classification |
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graphic organizer: math |
bar graphs, time lines |
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graphic organizer: language arts |
alphabet organizers, chart of components of essay |
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graphic organizer: general |
KWL chart, weekly planners |
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three critical thinking tools to engage reader |
summarization question generation textual marking |
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4 theories of language development |
learning linguistic cognitive sociocognitive |
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learning approach |
language is first learned by imitating the speech of adults, solidified through school |
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linguistic approach |
Noam Chomsky (1950) ability to use language is innate, biological approach |
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cognitive approach |
1970s... complex interaction of linguistic, social, cognitive influences *best explains lack of language skills among neglected children |
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fairy tale examples |
Cinderella Little Red Riding Hood Rumpelstiltskin |
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fable |
tale in which animals, plants, and forces of nature act like humans... teaches moral lesson |
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fable examples |
tortoise and the hare lion king animal farm |
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tall tale |
exaggerates human abilities or describes unbelievable events as if the story were true |
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examples of tall tales |
fishing stories paul bunyan and pecos bill hyperboles about real people such as: Davy Crockett, Mike Fink, Calamity Jane |
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preadolescent literature |
concerned with "tween" issues |
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supporting sentences |
identified by use of transition terms "for example" "that is" |
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ad hominem |
"against the person" argument attacks character or behavior of person taking a stand on an issue rather than the issue itself |
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hasty generalizations |
condemnations of a group based on the behavior of one person or part |
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faulty causation |
assigning the wrong cause to an event |
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bandwagon effect |
if everyone is doing something it must be a good thing to do |
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4 types of characters |
round, flat, static, dynamic |
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round character |
complex personality |
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examples of conjunctions |
and, or, nor, for, but, yet, so |
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correlative conjunctions |
paired terms to link clauses... either/or, if/then |
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subordinating conjunctions |
relate subordinate or dependent clauses to independent ones..... because, although, if, before, after, when, even though, in order that, while |
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gerund |
"ing" |
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direct object |
states to whom/what an action was committed |
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indirect object |
states for whom/what an action was committed |
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if one noun in a compound subject is plural and the other is singular, verb takes the form of ... |
the subject nearest to it |
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syntax |
proper structure of sentence.... "I does" is syntactically correct, not grammatically correct |
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3 types of sentence structures |
simple compound complex |
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compound sentence |
two clauses joined by conjunction or semicolon |
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complex sentence |
one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses |
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3 ways to present definition |
synonym class negation |
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revising |
process of making major chanes to essay |
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editing |
minor changes |
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3 types of parallelism |
words
phrases clauses |
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bathos |
attempt to evoke pity, sorrow, or notability that goes overboard and becomes ridiculous.... insincere pathos. **ALSO CALLED ANTICLIMAX |
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malapropism |
confusing one word with another, similar-sounding word |
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flow of pre-writing |
brainstorming freewriting clustering/mapping |
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two prewriting techniques |
listing, charting |
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five reasons to write |
tell a story express oneself convey information make an argument explore ideas |
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stages of learning to write |
drawing pictures scribbling learning to write name alphabet simple words simple sentences |
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paragraph cohesion strategies |
repetition of key words substitution of pronouns substitution of synonyms |
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3 types of verbs |
action linking helping |
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coordinating conjunction |
joins two independent clauses by placing a comma and a coordinating conjunction between them.... "and, but, or, nor, yet, for, so" |
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subordinating conjunction |
joins a subordinate clause and an independent clause and establishes the relationship between them |
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comma splice |
error.... comma is used to join two independent clauses without a proper conjunction |
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five types of fragments |
dependent clause fragments relative clause fragments ing fragment lacks a subject prepositional phrase fragment infinitive phrase fragment |
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dependent clause fragments |
starts with subordinating conjunction "Before you can graduate, you need.." |
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relative clause fragments |
start with who, whose, which or that |
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ing fragment lacks a subject |
ie "walking only three blocks to his job" |
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prepositional phrase fragments |
begins with a preposition, incomplete |
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infinitive phrase fragments |
incomplete ie "to plan the seed" |
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5 aspects of speaking |
volume place and pronunciation body language and gestures word choice visual aids |
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top-down processing |
listener refers to a background and global knowledge to figure out the meaning of a message |
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bottom-up processing |
listener figures out the meaning of a message by using "data" obtained from what is said |
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integer |
set of whole positive and negative numbers, including 0. DOES NOT include fractions, decimals, mixed numbers |
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rational numbers |
integers, decimals, fractions, and any terminating or repeating decimal |
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irrational numbers |
cannot be written as fractions or decimals because they are infinite, no recurring patterns of digits. PI! |
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real numbers |
all rational and irrational numbers |
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composite numbers |
all numbers that aren't prime |
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a^m x a^n = |
a^m+n
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a^n / a^m = |
a^n-m |
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(a^n)^m = |
a^nxm |
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(a x b)^n = |
a^n x b^n |
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perfect square |
number that has an integer for its square root 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 |
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common factor |
number that divides into two or more other numbers |
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prime factor |
a factor that is also a prime number.... of 12 are 2 and 3. of 15 are 3 and 5. |
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fraction with denominator of 0 |
undefined |
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what equation to find what number is a percentage of another number? |
part = whole x % |
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what equation to find what number another number is a given percentage of |
whole = part / % |
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plane |
2D flat surface defined by 3 non-collinear points |
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can a plane contain a 3D figure or skew lines? |
no |
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if a plane intersects with a circular conic surface what does it form? |
conic sections parabola, hyperbola, circle, ellipse |
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concurrent lines |
multiple lines that intersect at a single point |
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transversal |
line that intersects at least two other lines |
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reflex angle |
angle with degree measure greater than 180 but less than 360 |
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complementary angles add up to |
90 |
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supplementary angles add up to |
180 |
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are vertical angles adjacent angles?
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no..... must share vertex and a side |
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circumscribed |
around another shape.... |
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number of diagnolas that can be drawn on an n-sided polygon equation |
d = [n(n-3)] / 2 |
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dodecagon |
12 sides |
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sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon |
= (n-2)*180 |
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isosceles triandle |
two angles the same |
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scalene triangle |
no congruent sides |
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Triangle Inequality Theorem |
sum of the measure of any two sides must be greater than the measure of the third side |
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congruent triangles |
similar triangles whose corresponding sides are all equal |
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SSS |
if all three sides of one triangle are equal to all three sides of another triangle, they are congruent by SSS |
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SAS |
if two sides and the adjoining angles in one triangle are equal to two sides and the respective adjoining angle of another triangle, they are congruent by SAS |
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law of sines |
all triangles sinA/a = sinB/b = sinC/c ABC are angles, abc are opposite sides |
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law of cosines |
all triangles c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab(cosC) abc are sides, C is angle opposite c |
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area of trapezoid |
A = 1/2(b1 + b2)h |
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volume of pyramid |
V = 1/3Bh B is base area |
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volume of prism |
V = Bh B is base area |
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volume of sphere |
V = 4/3 pi r^3 |
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event |
situation that produces results of some sort |
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compound event |
event that involves two or more independent events |
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outcome |
a possible result in an experiment or event |
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independent events |
two or more events whose outcomes do not affect one another |
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dependent events |
two or more events whose outcomes affect one another |
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certain outcome |
probability is 100% or 1 |
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mutually exclusive outcomes |
two or more outcomes whose criteria cannot all be satisfied in a single event |
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probability equation |
P(A) = (# of acceptable outcomes)/(number of possible outcomes) |
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permutations eqtn (of r items, given a set of n items) |
nPr = n!/((n-r)!) |
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combinations |
similar to permutations, but there are no restrictions regarding the order of elements |
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where ABC is different from BCA |
permutation |
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where ABC is the same as BCA |
combination |
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combinations eqtn (of r items given a set of n items) |
nCr = n!/[r!(n-r)!] or nCr = (nPr)/r! |
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complement of an event |
the probability that it won't happen, A (with line over it) |
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addition rule for probability |
finding the probability of a compound event P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) |
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conditional probability equation |
P(B|A) = [P(A and B)]/P(A) |
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multiplication rule for independent events |
P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) |
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multiplication rule for dependent events |
P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A) |
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to find probability of at least one event occurring |
P(at least one) = 1 - P(no events) |
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discrete data |
information that can be expressed only by a specific value |
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continuous data |
information that can be expressed by any value within a given range |
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ordinal data |
information that can be placed in numerical order
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nominal data |
information that cannot be placed in numerical order |
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can a value set have multiple or no modes? |
yes and yes |
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high standard of variation means |
values are very spread out |
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if every value in a distribution is increased by the same amount, what happens to the mean, median, mode, std dev |
mean: increase by same amount median: increase by same amount mode: increase by same amount std dev: SAME |
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if every value in a distribution is multiplied or divided by the same numer, what happens to mean, median, mode, std dev |
all multiplied or divided by same number |
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Q2 is always equal to |
median |
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interquartile range |
Q3 - Q1 |
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pictograph |
graph that uses pictures or symbols to show data |
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histogram |
special type of bar graph where the data are grouped in intervals |
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what does the height of the bar in a histogram represent?
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the frequency, or number of times a value occurs in each interval
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