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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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duramater
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Outermost meninges. Protects the brain.
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Disfunction- Menigitis
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Arachnoid
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Middle layer of meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels flow through.
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Piamater
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Inner layer of meninges. Gives something soft and smooth to press against the brain.
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Tentorium
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Separates the cortex from the cerebellum.
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Parts of the neocortex
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Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe |
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Occipital Lobe
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High level visual processing. Conscious experience of vision.
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Dysfunction- Blind sight
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Parietal Lobe
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Somatosensation. Know where body is in space and what is and isn't own body.
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Dysfunction - Neglect
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Temporal Lobe
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High level auditory processing. Language and language-based memory.
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Dysfunction- Aphasia: Difficulty using language.
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Frontal Lobe
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Long-term planning and controlling impulsivity.
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Dysfunction- Case of Phineas Cage: personality change, aggressive, impulsive.
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Limbic Lobe
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Emotion, aggression, fight or flight, stress response.
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Sulcus
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A 'valley' in the brain. Increase surface area.
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Plural: sulci
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Gyrus
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'Hill' in the brain. Increase surface area
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Plural: gyri
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Longitudinal Fissue
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Separates left and right hemispheres. Underneath you will find the Corpus Callosum.
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Ansate Sulcus
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Divides frontal cortex and parietal cortex
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Bregma
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Landmark: Point where ansate sulcus and longitudinal fissure meet.
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Folia
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Individual leaves of the cerebellum.
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Sella Turcica
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Protects pituitary. Dumps pituitary hormones directly into vascular bed.
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Vascular beds
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Receive hormones released by pituitary
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Pituitary
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Releases hormones that go throughout the body. Gets orders from hypothalamus.
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Dysfunction- Dwarfism
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Infundibulum
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Links hypothalamus to pituitary.
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Hypothalamus
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Releases hormones to Pituitary
4 F's Flight Fight Feeding Fucking |
**Dysfunction: Amotivational syndrom
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Mammillary Bodies
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Important for memory. Linked with hypothalamus.
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Dysfunction: Korsakoff's Syndrome- Lack of glucose to mammillary bodies and they starve.
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Circle of Willis
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Feeds vascular beds.
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Dysfunction: Aneurysm
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Cerebral Peduncle
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Links hindbrain with forebrain. Bunch of myelinated axons. Receives neurotransmitters from reticular formation and spreads to rest of brain.
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Dysfunction: Vegitative State
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Pons
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Plays role in sleeping and dreaming. Inhibits motor output in REM state, especially body trunk motor outputs.
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**Dysfunction: REM behavior Disorder.
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Medulla
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Basic life functions: breathing, heart rate, vomiting, respiration.
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Dysfunction: Death
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Spinal Cord
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All info goes through spinal cord in and out of the brain. Exception- Cranial nerves.
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Cranial Nerves
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12 pairs. Part of peripheral nervous system, because they are neither brain proper, nor spinal cord.
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Olfactory Bulb
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Where oderants bind. Beginning of olfaction.
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Dysfunction: Anosmia- Inability to smell.
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Olfactory Tract
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Carries Olfactary info to brain.
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Optic Nerve
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Brings in visual information.
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Dysfunction: Scotoma- Visual blank spot.
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Optic Chiasm
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Where optic nerve and optic tract crossover.
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Dysfunction: Scotoma
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Optic Tract
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Brings in visual information.
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Dysfunction: Scotoma
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Oculomotor Nerve
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Key player in eye movement
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Dysfunction: Inability to move eye
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Abducens
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Dilates and constricts pupils.
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Dysfunction: Pupils don't dilate and constrict normally.
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Vagus Nerve
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Carries motor info to the gut and sensory info from gut.
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Dysfunction: Less intense emotions.
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Trochlear nerve
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Smooth eye pursuit
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Dysfunction: Happens when drinking alcohol, unable to do smooth eye pursuit.
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Vermis
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Medial Structure of cerebellum. Involved in smooth motor output.
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Dysfunction: Tremors
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White Matter
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Myelinated axons
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Grey matter
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Cell bodies, dendrites.
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Arbor Vitae
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Tree of life. Pattern inside cerebellum.
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Cerebellar Peduncle
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All info from cerebellum goes through.
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Dysfunction: Clumsy, spastic movement.
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4th Ventricle
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Contains cerebrospinal fluid
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Superior Colliculi
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Non-conscious visual processing.
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Dysfunction: People can't respond rapidly to visual stimuli, worse reflexes.
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Inferior Colliculi
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Non-conscious auditory processing.
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Dysfunction: Slow to respond to auditory stimuli.
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3rd Ventricle
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Contains cerebrospinal fluid
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Pineal Gland
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Secretes melatonin. Important for circadian rhythm.
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Dysfunction: Body temp and stress hormone stable throughout day, no sleep/wake patterns.
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Central Canal
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Space containing CSF that goes down to spinal cord.
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Lateral Ventricles
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Contains Cerebrospinal fluid. Also contains Choroid Plexus
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Deficit- Hydroencephalitis
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Septum Pellucidum
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Thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles
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Choroid Plexus
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Filters blood to make CSF
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Cerebral Aqueduct
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Links 3rd and 4th ventricles
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Corpus Callosum
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Roof of the lateral ventricle. Bridges left and right hemispheres.
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Deficit- Split brain patients
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Cingulate gyrus
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Above Corpus Callosum. Starts to interconnect cognition with emotion.
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deficit- Decrease in pain or the emotional sensation of pain.
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thalamus
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Relays sensory info to the cortex, with the exception of olfaction.
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Def- Unable to regulate sensory info. Hit with too much sensory info, too much of the time.
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anterior commisure
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links up the 2 subcortical hemispheres of the brain.
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Reticular Formation
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Produces neurotransmitters. Projects them throughout the brain.
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Deficit- Coma
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Caudate nucleus
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input of the basal ganglia with the putamen
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Hippocampus
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memory formation
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amnesia
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Basal ganglia
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Important for routine motor output
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Deficit-Huntingtons
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3 parts of the basal ganglia
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Caudate nucleus
putamen globus pallidus |
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putamen
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input of the basal ganglia with caudate nucleus
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Caudate nucleus + putamen =
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Striatum (input)
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Globas pallidus
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output of the basal ganglia, myelination axons
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amygdala
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Critical for fear and anxiety
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Deficit- don't experience fear when they should. Like when drunk.
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Massa intermedia
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Small land mass in between 2 thalamus. Links 2 halves of thalamus.
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Substantia nigra
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Projects dopamine to basal ganglia.
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Def- Parkinson's
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fornix
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white matter tract from hippocampus to mammilary bodies, connects hemispheres.
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