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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 phases of Chemotherapy for leukemia
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Remission induction, postremission therapy, CNS prophylaxis
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Initial chemotherapy for remission induction in leukemia
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Combination chemotherapy
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Common agents used for maintenance therapy in leukemia
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6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate
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Common induction agents combos for leukemia
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vincristine and prednisone, asparaginase, methotrexate
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Common agents not used to initiate chemotherapy
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High dose methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine
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CNS prophylaxis for leukemia
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Intrathecal methotrexate alone or in combination with radiation therapy
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What treatment option should be considered at the time of first relapse or second remission of leukemia
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Bone marrow transplantation
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Key genitourinary sign with leukemia
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hyperuricemia
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Lymph nodes most often involved in CLL
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Cervical, supraclavicular, and axillary nodes
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Group B symptoms of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Unexplained fever of 101 or higher, drenching night sweats, weight loss of 10% or more in the previous 6 months
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Definitive test of lung cancer
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biopsy
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Purpose of CEA
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Useful in monitoring therapy after surgery in colon cancer, its elevation suggests recurrence of colon cancer
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Treatment of choice for colon cancer
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Surgery
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Breast carcinoma in situ involves
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ducts or lobules without invasion of surrounding tissues or organs
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The most common type of non invasive breast cancer
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ductal carcinoma in situ
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The most common form of all breast cancers
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Invasive ductal carcinoma
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Late symptoms of cervical cancer
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bladder dysfunction, rectal dysfunction, fisulas and pain
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Tricuspid stenosis is which type of murmur?
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diastolic
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Pulmonic stenosis is which type of murmur?
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systolic
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Tricuspid regurgitation is which type of murmur?
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systolic
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Most common reason for a "click: heart sound.
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Signs of MI progression
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Peaking of T waves, ST elevation, inversion of T waves, Formation of Q waves, diminished height of R waves
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in inferior leads (II, III, aVf)
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Primary: right coronay artery, secondary: left circumflex artery
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in inferolateral leads (II, III, aVf, V5, V6)
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Left circumflex artery
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in anterior leads (V3 and V4)
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Left anterior descending artery
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in anterolateral and lateral leads (I, aVl, V5, V6)
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Left anterior descending or left circumflex artery.
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in anteroseptal leads (V1-V3)
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Left anterior descending artery
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in posterior leads
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Right coronary artery or left circumflex artery
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Coronary artery(s) affected by ECG changes in right ventricular leads V4-V6
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Right coronary artery
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Contraindications to use of fibrinolytic therapy.
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Recent GI bleeding, hypertension >165/95, prolonged CPR, cardiogenic shock, history of CVA
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General rule for reexploratory surgery for chest tubes
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if the output exceeds 400ml within 2 consecutive hours or 300 to 500ml within 1 hour
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Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade
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Beck's triad, tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, changes in LOC, oliguria, shock
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Description of Beck's triad
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Symptom of cardiac tamponade involving JVD, narrowing pulse pressure, and distant heart tones
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Contraindications to IABP
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Aortic aneurysm, Bypass grafting, aortic insufficiency, perippheral or central atherosclerosis, bleeding disorders, history of embolic event
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Arteriosclerosis obliterans has a higher incidence among the following:
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Smokers, men 50-70, diabetics
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Arteriosclerosis obliterans commonly affects which vessels
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Femoropopliteal, popliteal-tibial, and aortoiliac vessels
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Buerger's disease has a high incidence in the following:
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Males 20-40, smokers, Eastern Europeans and Asians
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Key signs and symptoms for occlusive arterial disease
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Intermittent claudication, pain at rest, pain relieved by dependent positioning, coldness, numbness, pallor of the extremities, absent or diminished pulse, ulcerations of feet and toes
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Most common cause of superficial thrombophlebitis.
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IV cannulation
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Most common organism causing superficial thrombophlebitis
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Staphylococcus
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Description of Virchow's triad
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Associated with DVT and involves stasis of blood, vessel wall changes, changes in blood composition
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Effect of diastolic dysfunction on heart size
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Remains normal
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Most common complication for mitral valve prolapse
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mitral regurgitation
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Complications of mitral valve prolapse
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mitral regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis, SVT
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Description of murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Harsh, "diamond-shaped" systolic at the left sternal border, decreases with squatging and increases with the Valsalva maneuver
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Meds contraindicated with hypertrophic obstructive disease
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ACEI, nitrates, diuretics and digoxin
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Most common type of cardiomyopathy
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Dilated
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Major cause of death with restrictive cardiomyopathy
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CHF
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Infectious causative agents in otitis media
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S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, M. catarrhalis
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Common organisms of sinusitis
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H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae
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Drug used to prevent INH induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
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Most common cause of interstitial lung disease among elderly patients
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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Kerley B lines are present in which condition?
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Pulmonary edema/CHF
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Key physical examination findings of pulmonary hypertension.
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Splitting of the second cardiac sound, peripheral edema, ascites
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Diagnostic test for pulmonary hypertension
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2 dimensional echocardiogram
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