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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-synthetic cellulose derivatives – methylcellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, calcium
Polycarbophil, guar gum, malt soup -reccommended choice -dissolve or swell in the intestinal fluid, forming emollient gels that facilitate passage and stimulate peristalsis -not absorbed systemically -onset of action: 12-24 hours |
Bulk Forming
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docusate sodium, docusate calcium, and docusate potassium
-MOA: increase the wetting efficiency of intestinal fluid and facilitate a mixture of aqueous and fatty substances to soften fecal mass -“stool softeners” -onset of action: 24-72 hours and effects last about 72 hours -may be used for up to 1 week -useful for patients about to undergo surgery, postpartum, HTN, or cardiovascular disease -frequently used with a stimulant (senna or bisacodyl) Not for Children under 6 |
Emollients
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-mineral oil
-internal = heavy mineral oil -topical = light mineral oil -MOA: soften fecal contents by coating them and preventing colonic absorption of fecal water -onset: 6-8 hours after oral and 5-15 minutes after rectal administration -Indications: require maintenance of a soft stool to avoid straining Ex. Hernia,aneurysm, HTN, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, abdominal surgery -do NOT give to children < 6 -may impair the absorption of Vitamin A,D,E,K -do not take with meals – delay gastric emptying -do NOT give to pregnant women – decrease availability of Vitamin K to fetus -may reduce absorption of anticoagulants, OC, and digitalis glycosides |
Lubricants
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-magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium biphosphate
-most potent = sulfate salts -MOA: pressure of these ions draws water into the intestine increasing the intraluminal pressure to increase intestinal motility -onset: 30min-3 hours for oral & 2-5 min for rectal -indications: acute evacuation is required -NOT for long term -rectal should NOT be given to children < 2 and oral not in children < 5 -can lead to magnesium toxicity if renal function is impaired -interact with anticoagulants, digitalis glycosides, and tetracycline -DO NOT USE: colostomy, dehydration, renal function impairment, CHF |
Saline Laxatives
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-Glycerin, lactulose, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG)
-MOA: combine osmotic effects with the local irritant effect of sodium stearate draw water into the rectum to stimulate bowel movement -onset: poorly absorbed after rectal -Dosage: 3 g rectal dose -children < 6: 1-1.5 g suppository |
Hyperosmotics
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-Senna and Bisacodyl
-MOA: increase the propulsive peristaltic activity of the intestine by local irritation of the mucosa or by action on the intramural nerve plexus to increase motility -onset of action: -senna: 6-12 hours -bisacodyl: 6-10 hours after oral, 15-60 min after rectal -Indication: before endoscopic exams, for chronic constipation by opiates, colonic exam, GI surgery -do not use for more than 1 week |
Stimulants
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Abilify
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Ariprazole
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Clozaril
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Clozapine
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Zyprexa
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Olanzapine
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Invega
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Paliperidone
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Seroquel
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Quetiapine
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Risperdal
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Risperadone
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Geodon
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Ziprazidon
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Store flumist in fridge or freezer?
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fridge
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enhances the synthesis of collagen and stimulates epithelialization by causing rapid cell turnover. This is critical to ulcer healing.
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Vitamin A
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necessary to maintain proper cell membrane integrity and further enhance collagen synthesis and cross-linkage. Dosing for Pressure Ulcer: 1000mg/day
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Vitamin C
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enhance wound healing by promoting cell proliferation. Dosing: 15-25 mg/day
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Zinc
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Use sprays, gels, adhesive bandages, transparent films, and transparent occlusive wafers to treat ?
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Stage I ulcers
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: Use adhesive bandages, transparent films, occlusive wafer dressings, calcium alginates (for exuding wounds), polyurethane foams, moistened gauze dressing
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Stage II ulcer
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Use occlusive wafer dressings, calcium alginates (for exuding wounds), polyurethane foams, moistened gauze dressing, and absorption dressings
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Stage III ulcer
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Use occlusive wafer dressings, calcium alginates (for exuding wounds), polyurethane foams, moistened gauze dressing, and absorption dressings
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Stage IV ulcer
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