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248 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Benjamin Franklin organize the first volunteer fire company in Philadelphia Pennsylvania on what date |
January 17, 1736 |
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Occurred in 1666 in the pudding Lane area of London England |
The great fire of London |
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Cincinnati Ohio became the first American city to have a fully paid fire department. Year? |
1853 |
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This fire became the worst urban fire in our history over 20,000 buildings destroyed over 100,000 people homeless |
Chicago October 8, 1871 |
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What fire is fire prevention week created in memory of? |
The Chicago fire on October 8, 1871. The myth is that Mrs. O'Leary's cow started the fire. Chicago fire Academy is built on the site of O'Leary's barn |
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Iroquois theater fire Chicago Illinois |
1903 604 people dead led to improvements in safety in public assembly occupancies |
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Baltimore fire of 1904 |
This fire made the fire service realize the need to have standardized hose couplings after apparatus from other cities arrived to help and found that the hose couplings were not compatible. Led to the national building code by the NBFU |
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A stab list in 1918 as a labor union for firefighters |
International Association of firefighters IAF |
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The IAAF was established in blank as a labor union for firefighters |
1918 |
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This explosion led to the requirement of using our captain as an odorant |
New London Texas junior senior high school March 1937 natural gas explosion kills 293 students and teachers |
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List the three necessary characteristics and behaviors for a firefighter |
Integrity – doing the right thing work ethic - doing what needs to be done pride - in self and work |
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List the three tactical priorities of the fire department |
Life safety incident stabilization property conservation |
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Definition; the principle that a person can report to only one supervisor |
Unity of command |
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Definition the number of individuals or groups that one person can effectively supervise or manage 3 to 7 |
Span of control |
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List the five types of fire department companies |
Engine Truck ladder Hazmat Rescue USAR |
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NFPA standard 1001 |
Standard on firefighter qualifications- |
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Definition; may supervise a fire company in the station and it fires and other emergency scene; may also supervise a group of fire companies in a specified geographical region of the city |
Fire department officers |
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Under normal conditions who can give orders on a fire ground? |
Any fire department officers |
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Verbatim general operating guidelines GOG's |
A set of organizational procedures that establish a standard course of action. |
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Who are the three individuals that make up the command staff and report directly to the IC? |
Safety officer liaison officer public information officer |
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Definition; the person ultimately responsible for all incident activities responsible for all overall strategy and decides number of units needed on scene to mitigate the incident |
Incident commander |
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Definition responsible for directing the tactical operations to meet the strategic goals and tactical objectives listed in the IAP; reports directly to the IC |
Operations section chief |
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Definition; responsible for the collection, documentation, evaluation, and dissemination of incident situation information and intelligence to the ic |
Planning section chief |
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Definition; responsible for all support requirements needed to facilitate effective and efficient incident management |
Logistics section chief |
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Definition – established when the agencies involved require finance and other administrative support services |
Finance administration section chief |
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Definition – when required this section is responsible for analyzing and sharing incident information and intelligence |
Information/intelligence section chief |
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Definition – location from which all incident operations are directed |
Command post |
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Definition – a geographic designation assigning responsibility for all operations within a defined area |
Division |
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Definition – a functional designation (forcible entry, salvage, ventilation, etc.) |
Group |
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Definition – the written or unwritten plan for managing the emergency |
Incident action plan IAP |
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Explain the divisions of the building |
Division a - address division B - left side division C rear division D- right side |
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How many battalions does Greensboro have |
5 |
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What is the leading cause of LO DD? |
33% medical |
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Standard relating to firefighter safety and health. Calls upon far departments to recognize safety and health as official objectives of the department |
NFPA 1500 |
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According to NFPA 1500 if noise levels on the apparatus exceeds blank hearing protection must be worn |
90 dB |
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This came from the Williams Steiger occupational safety and health act in 1970 |
OSHA |
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What is the proper way to lift |
To lift properly firefighter should keep their back as straight as possible and live with ther legs |
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Any electrical tool not marked as double insulated should have blank for firefighter safety this must connect to the ground while the tools in use |
Should have a three prong plug |
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The signal is given when the primary search has been completed and all savable occupants are out of the hazard zone |
"All clear" |
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Definition – this can aid in accounting for personnel within the hazard zone. Also called a tag system |
Passport system |
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L U N A R |
Location unit name assignment resources |
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Verbatim combustion |
The self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel being reduced by an oxidizing agent along with the evolution of heat and light. |
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What is an oxygen deficient atmosphere |
Less then 19% |
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What percentages of the atmosphere are nitrogen and other gases? |
78% nitrogen 1% other gases |
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Definition – the formation of a chemical bond between oxygen and another element the bond releases energy meaning it is exothermic |
Oxidation |
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Definition – those materials that you old oxygen or other gases during the course of a chemical reaction |
Oxidizing agents |
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List the three sides to the fire triangle |
Oxygen fuel heat |
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List the four sides of the fire tetrahedron. The necessary ingredients for combustion |
Oxygen fuel heat self-sustaining chemical reaction |
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Definition – the chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat |
Pyrolysis |
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Solid fuels undergo blank to burn. Liquid fuels undergo blank to burn |
Pyrolysis vaporization |
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Definition – the conversion of a liquid into the gaseous state through the action of heat |
Vaporization |
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Definition – the ratio of the weight of a given volume of liquid compared with the weight of an equal volume of water |
Specific gravity.
Specific gravity of water is one |
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If a product has a specific gravity less than one will the product sink or float |
Float |
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Definition – the minimum temperature to which a liquid fuel and air must be heated in order to produce vapors sufficient to form and ignitable mixture with the air near the surface |
Flashpoint |
Ignitable mixture |
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Definition – the temperature at which a liquid will produce vapors sufficient to support continuous combustion once ignited. |
Fire point |
Continuous combustion |
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What is the vapor pressure of kerosene |
5mm |
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What is the boiling point of gasoline |
102f |
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Definition – the density of gases in relation to air |
Vapor density
Air has a vapor density of one |
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Definition – the percentage of a substance in air that will burn once it is ignited |
Flammable range |
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What is the flammable range of carbon monoxide |
12.5 to 74% |
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Definition – the minimum temperature to which a fuel and air must be heated in order to self start sustained combustion without a separate ignition source |
Ignition temperature |
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Definition – heat released by the mixture of matter in a liquid |
Heat of solution |
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Heating resulting from the action of electrical force on nonconducting material |
Dielectric heating |
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Heat released as an arc between oppositely charged surfaces |
Static electrical heating |
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Heat generated by passing electrical force direct conductor such as a wire or appliance |
Resistance heating |
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Heating resulting when I wire is not insulated well enough to maintain the current |
Leakage current heating |
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He occurring when electrical current is interrupted |
Heat from arcing |
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1 of 5 types of heat energy caused by external physical forces |
Mechanical heat energy |
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List the three mechanisms of heat transfer |
Conduction convection radiation |
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A mechanism of heat transfer where he may be conducted from one body to another by molecular energy transfer through an intervening heat conducting medium |
Conduction |
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A mechanism of heat transfer where conduction heat transfer from my moving fluid to a solid surface |
Convection |
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A type of mechanism of heat transfer where he is transferred by electromagnetic waves or infrared waves without an intervening medium |
Radiation |
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List the five stages of fire development |
Incipient stage growth stage flashover fully developed decay |
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The blank is the volume between an inlet and outlet that allows the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors and window openings |
Flowpath |
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An effective force on fluid due to density or temperature differences in a gravitational field |
Buoyancy |
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At blank degrees consciousness is affected and can lead to hyperthermia |
105.8f |
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There are over blank crashes annually in the US |
5 million |
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There are over blank fatalities in North Carolina Annually |
1200 |
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What percentage of emergency vehicle incidents are intersection accidents? |
24% |
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What type of drivers license must all GFD firefighters have |
Class B license |
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Reckless disregard of the consequences of an act to another person |
Gross negligence |
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Why have SOGs? |
SOG's are a lasting record of preplanned and agreed-upon actions |
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In a convoy, proper vehicle spacing of approximately blank should be allowed at all times |
300' |
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What is the highest priority of the ic in ensuring a safe work zone |
The safety of the rescue worker will always be the highest priority |
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A rate of change of position in relation to time |
Velocity |
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This is measured as the product of the objects mass or weight times it's velocity |
Momentum |
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The force it takes for a moving object to stay in motion in the same direction |
Inertia |
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One of two types of inertial force which tends to make a rotating body move away from the center of rotation |
Centrifugal force |
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One of two types of inertial force where the force is proceeding or directing towards the center of the rotating body |
Centripetal force |
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When referring to driver readiness what is the IPD E system |
identify predict decide execute |
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What should I drive or know about following distance? |
4sec rule at 40 mph or less 5sec rule about 40 mph |
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There are three zones with placement of emergency vehicles, what is the outer zone? |
Outer zone equals 1000 feet reaction time is 5 to 10 seconds |
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There are three zones for placement of emergency vehicles, what is the medium zone |
Medium zone is 100 feet reaction time is two seconds |
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There are three zones with placement of emergency vehicles, what is the inner zone? |
The inner zone is 10 feet reaction time is less than one second |
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The weight of all building materials and equipment that are permanently attached to the building |
Dead load |
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Any load not considered a debtload including equipment people whether water for fire suppression and materials not attached to the structure |
Live load |
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A load that is applied to a small area |
Concentrated load |
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Loads that an engineer has planned for oranges are paid it in the structural design |
Design load |
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Hello that was not preplanned for buy an engineer |
Undesigned load |
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A load that is transmitted through the center of a beam and runs perpendicular to the beam such as a concrete pillar |
Axial load |
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A type of force that tends to push materials together |
Compression force |
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A type of force that tends to pull materials apart |
Tension force |
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One of six types of beam this one is supported at the two points near its ends |
Simple beam |
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A bearing wall common to two structures |
Party wall |
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A rated assembly that extends from the foundation through the roof of a building to limit flame spread |
Firewall |
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A single vertical sickness of masonry designed to improve the exterior appearance of the building |
Veneer wall |
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One of seven types of roof characterized by single Ridgeline from which roof sections on both sides of the ridge descend at two different pitches common on barns |
Gambrel roof |
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One of seven types of roofs characterized by a pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls |
Hip roof |
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Structural members elongate when heated blank every blank at 1000°F |
1 inch every 10 feet at 1000°F |
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This gives the material the compressive strength of concrete along with the tensile strength of steel it can lose its strength due to spalling |
Reinforced concrete |
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One of the more serious building construction hazards facing firefighters today |
Lightweight truss construction |
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Wooden or metal plate used to connect structural materials that are butted together usually in trusses |
Gusset plates |
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The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire |
Fire resistance |
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Which type of construction consists mainly of reinforced concrete with structural members including walls columns and beams floors and roofs that are protected either by blowing on insulation or concrete encased steel |
Type one construction fire resistive |
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Degradation of concrete due to prolonged exposure to high heat |
Spalling |
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Type of building construction – the structural components lack insulation. Has a fire resistance rating on all parts of the structure including the exterior and interior loadbearing walls and building materials |
Type 2 construction noncombustible |
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an open space between the roof and the ceiling |
Cock loft |
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A type of building construction exterior walls and structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials interior structural members are completely or partially constructed of wood |
Type III construction ordinary |
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A type of building construction exterior walls and associated structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials interior structural members are made of solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces would must have large dimensions used extensively in old factories or Mills |
Type IV construction heavy timber |
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A type of building construction exterior walls bearing walls floors proofs and supports made completely or partially of wood used to construct typical single-family residence |
Type five construction woodframe |
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Wood studs ran from the foundation to the roof and floors were hung on the studs no vertical fire stop |
Balloon framing |
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The maximum heat that can be produced if all of the combustible materials in a given area burn at once |
Fire load |
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The area extending horizontally from the base of the wall to 1.5x the height of the wall |
Collapse zone |
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Directive 2.8- time system states that GFD has adopted the __________ system. It runs from___________ |
Military
00:00:00 to 23:59:59 |
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Directive 1.5.31 - deputy chief duties |
Reports to fire chief, supervises officers of logistics,maintenance,and safety
Represents the fire chief when necessary |
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One of 3 types of mechanical heat transfer. _______________ heat may be transferred from 1 body to another by molecular energy transfer |
Conduction |
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1 of 3 mechanisms of heat transfer ________ is a type of conduction heat transfer from a moving fluid to a solid surface |
Convection |
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1 of 3 types of mechanisms of heat transfer ________heat transferred by electromagnetic waves or infrared waves without an intervening medium |
Radiation |
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@ what level of CO do air packs go on (lower level) |
35 ppm (.0035%) |
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Highest (%) of accident incident rate of emergency vehicle by type |
Intersections 24% |
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Proper vehicle spacing (following distance) is ________ |
300ft |
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During traffic conditions, the _________________ will always be highest priority |
Safety of fire personnel |
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Defn: a rated assembly that extends from the foundation through the roof of a bldg to limit flame spread |
Fire wall |
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What does the number reflect on a class A fire extinguisher |
Each 1A = 1.25 gal water |
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What does the number reflect on a class B fire extinguisher |
Each 1B = 1sqft coverable surface area |
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What is the drag handle on the SCBA pack rated for? |
500lbs |
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NFPA 1581 requires gear to be cleaned every__________ |
6 months |
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What is the IDLH of HCN? |
50ppm Colorless Bitter almond odor Chemical asphyxiate |
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Cylinder label is __________ wraps deepen the fiberglass wrapping |
3-5 |
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The Scott PASS Pre-alerts when_____________ and goes to Alarm mode when____________ |
No movement is sensed for 20s No movement is sensed for 30s |
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Make the decision to stay or leave the IDLH when your air is at ________ |
50% |
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What's the 2in/2out rule called |
The buddy system |
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The search for victims should be rapid, systematic, but thorough- what benchmarks do you give command as you search |
"All clear on the primary" "Secondary search complete" |
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List the order that determines where a search will begin |
Most severely threatened- first Largest numbers - second Remainder of fire area- last |
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A short fold placed in a hose to change the location of a coupling or change direction of the hose |
Dutchman |
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Resulting change in the direction of energy and its multiplication when the flow of water is suddenly stopped |
Water hammer |
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Hydrant reverse lay procedure |
1. App stops at fire 2. FF pulls a line 3. Driver catches plug 4. Hooks hose and sends water |
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Used hose test |
300' for 3' at 300psi |
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Btu formula Units? |
((212-temp)+970)*b
Units are btu's |
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The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb water by one degree F |
BTU |
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What is considered a small fire stream? |
Discharging 39gpm or less |
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What is considered a hand stream in terms of gpms? |
Discharging 40-349gpm |
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What is considered a master stream in terms of gpm? |
Discharging 350 + gpms |
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Hydrocarbon fuels require foam application rates of _______ where polar solvent fuels require foam application rates of _______ |
3% 6% |
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Class A foam has a water % of ________ |
99-99.9 % water |
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NFPA 1901 states that a typical structure fire response consists of________ |
3 engines, 2 ladders, 1 car |
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List the # &styles ladders on a truck company |
2 - 16' roof 1- 14' combo 1- 10' attic 1- 24' extension 1- 35' extension |
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What's the tallest ladder on an engine? |
24' |
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Metal ladders are subject to fail at ________Degrees |
600 |
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Ensure ladders are never thrown within _________ of electrical wires |
10' |
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List the 2 normal ladder climbing angles |
60 degree - rescue window access (most common) 75 degree- roof access, or beside window |
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residential versus commercial irons |
flat head axe &hali. vs sledge &hali. |
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Primary rule for forcible entry |
try before you pry |
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what size salvage cover (tarp) does GFD use? |
12x 18 |
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A network of water lines that make up a distribution system allows hydrants to be supplied from 2 directions. |
Grid |
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Dry barrel hydrants must be completely open or closed to ________________ |
prevent ground erosion |
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Red bonnet means |
low flow (less than 500gpm) |
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that part of total pressure not used to overcome friction or gravity while frying water thru pipes. |
residual pressure |
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OSY = stem is showing signifies |
valve is open |
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on a water shuttle operation, how many tankers are needed for 300gpm |
3 |
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atmospheric pressure of Greensboro |
14.2 |
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a report titled __________ documented that the US had a fire problem |
America Burning |
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in response to America Burning Congree passed the National Fire Prevention and control act of 1974. this act directed the formation of the _____________ |
US Fire Administration |
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FIRST alarm to a residential fire |
1BC car 3 engines 2 ladder |
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First alarm to target hazard |
2 cars 3 engines 2 ladders 1 rescue |
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1050 PI response? |
1 engine 1 ladder 1 rescue 1 BC |
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signal 3 |
invalid person resides |
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signal 7 |
knox box location |
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LPG is __________ heavier than air |
1.5x |
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establish a danger zone of ________ for downed power lines |
1 span |
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the central most important part of something |
Kern |
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anything that cloaks or covers |
Mantle |
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_____% of strength comes from the kern and ______% from mantle |
75/ 25 |
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life safety rope must have a minimum breaking strength of ___________and a max safe working load of 600lbs |
9000 lbs |
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explain class 1 rescue harness |
waist &thighs 300lbs |
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explain class 2 rescue harness |
waist & thighs 600lbs |
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explain class 3 rescue harness |
waist, thighs &shoulders 600lbs |
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any structure in which there is a greater than normal potential for loss of life from a fire |
target hazard |
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if a ceiling mount is not possible for a fire alarm the alarm should be positioned as high as possible, ___________ from the ceiling |
12-4inches |
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it is required that FF's gain a warrant to re-enter a scene based on the case of _______________ |
Michigan vs Tyler 1978 |
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the V-Pattern of vertex point usually points to _________ |
the area of origin |
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a 2'x2' FEMA square drawn on the side of a searched bldg or collapse usually indicates |
safe to enter/ structurally sound |
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park the apparatus ___________ of the collapse of a trench site |
not within 50' |
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arial ladders are required to maintain a distance of ________from 600volt+ wires |
10' |
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list 6 hazard classes |
explosives gases flammable liquids flammable solids oxiders poisons radioactive corrosives miscellaneous |
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_________regulates movement of has materials via rail, air, water, road, and pipeline |
DOT |
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this hazmat book is on every truck in the city |
emergency response guidebook |
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the 7 possible hazards at a chemical release |
TRACEMP thermal radiological asphyxiation chemical etiological mechanical psychological |
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explain the golden hour and platinum 10 |
one hour period following severe injuries to receive surgical intervention for improved outcome the portion of the golden hour first responders can affect. spend no more than 10 minutes |
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what 2 things does a first due company bring in |
extinguisher charged hose line |
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whats the 5-10-20 rule of airbags |
may be energized 5" side airbag 10" drivers 20" passenger |
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List 4 types of initiating devices fire alarms |
single action double action break glass temper alarm |
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this automatic initiating device projects light from a light source to a sensor via a light emitting diode. smoke particles affect transmission |
photoelectric light scattering smoke detector |
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an os&y has a stem that moves in and out as the valve is _______ |
closed |
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which sprinkler system is used in freezing climates |
dry-pipe system |
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what is the most common/least expensive type of sprinkler system |
wet-pipe system |
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standpipe for use by occupants of a bldg. 11/2' outlet and valve. must flow 100gpmwith 65psi residual for 30min |
class II standpipe |
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standpipe for use by occupants and FD. 21/2 reduced to 1 1/2". must flow 500gpm with 100psi residual for 30min |
classIII standpipe |
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List & explain the 3 standpipe configurations |
Class I - FD only class II - Occupants only Class III - Both |
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What's the Pump testing numbers? |
20min - 100% @150 npp 5 mins - 100% @165 npp 10 mins - 70% @200 npp *10 mins - 50% @250 npp |
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whats the priming test numbers |
30s for 1250gpm's or less 45s for 1500gpm's or larger |
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Directive 3.12 |
Personnel leaving fire station while on duty |
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Directive 1.5.31 |
Deputy Chief of Support Systems: Duties/Responsibilities |
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Directive 2.8 |
Time System (run on military time) |
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Directive 2.16.7 |
Work Schedule -27 day cycle |
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Directive 2.19 |
Outside Employment -your position takes precedence over any other jobs -supervisors control outside employment/make chief aware of any conflict of interest. |
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Directive 3.1 |
General Information/Responsibilities |
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Directive 3.2 |
Grooming Standards -face clean shaven except mustache (not to extend below lower lip) -When wearing Class B, no hair below collar |
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Directive 3.3 |
Jewelry Acceptable: -watches -up to 2 sets of single stud earrings -wedding band -necklace/chain under clothing |
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Directive 3.7 |
Driver's License (must have class B) |
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Directive 3.8 |
ID Cards -members shall carry ID cards with them at all times -if lost or stolen, submit request to GFD HR. |
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Directive 3.9 |
Shift Change |
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Directive 3.11 |
Rules of Conduct |
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Directive 3.12 |
Personnel leaving fire station while on duty |
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GOG 2.1 |
Engine Company Operations Priority of Engine Co. functions: 1-Rescue 2-Fire control 3-Property Conservation |
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GOG 2.2 |
Ladder Company Functions -search and rescue -ventilation -forcible entry -recon for fire extension -scene illumination -elevated fire stream -salvage/overhaul -control utilities -ladder bldg -second means of egress |
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GOG 3.1 |
Basic Operational Approach -describes a standard system of dividing command into smaller command units (divisions, groups) |
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GOG 3.2 |
Definitions (NIMS type) -command, division, single resource, groups, etc. |
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GOG 5.2 |
Tactical Priorities 1. Rescue 2. Fire Control 3. Property Conservation -benchmarks (under control, loss stopped, etc.) |
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GOG 7.1 |
Philosophy -based on response of the closest available unit required to control the situation. |
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GOG 7.2 |
Single Company Response -medical calls -vehicle fires -brush fires -dumpster fires -smoke/oder invest. -chemical spills -Alarm investigations |
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GOG 8.7 |
Protective Clothing |
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% of heart attacks |
51% |
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OSHA developed from |
Williams Steiger occupational safety and health act of 1970 |
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What contains federal OSHA regulations |
Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations |
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What contains federal OSHA regulations |
Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations |
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No visible flame |
Less than 14% o2 |
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CO flammable range |
12.5-74% |
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Four products of combustion |
Smoke flame heat fire gases |
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What is it called when cool air is pulled into the plume of fire gases |
Entrainment |
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What is the condition where flames move through or across the unburned gases during a fires progression |
Flame over/rollover |
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What are the three components of smoke |
Vapors Particles Gases |
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Standard on fire hose |
NFPA 1961 |
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Standard on fire hose connections |
NFPA 1963 |
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Approximately blank firefighters are killed annually while On duty |
100 |
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The buoyant column of flame and hot combustion products rising above the fuel source |
Fire plume |
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Ineffective force on fluid due to density or temperature differences in a gravitational field |
Buoyancy |
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What is the lower level of carbon monoxide and where symptoms occur such as headache and dizziness and Air packs go on |
35 ppm .0035% |
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