Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what should you not confuse lymphogranuloma venereum with
|
Granuloma inguinale
Donovani bodies - intracytoplasmic inclusions Both painless |
|
|
Mannitol:
- clinical - side effects |
osmotic diuresis --> dec intracranial pressure
BUT: rapidly distributes into extracellular compartment --> Pulm edema |
|
|
What transposition means a better prognosis in ALL
|
t(12;21)
|
|
|
Where can ALL spread
|
CNS
testes |
|
|
Lobar pneumonia
|
S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella |
|
|
Bronchopneumonia
|
S. aureus
H. influenza Klebsiella S. pyogenes |
|
|
Viruses causing interstitial pneumonia
|
RSV
adenovirus |
|
|
What receptors does endorphin act on
|
narcotic receptor (ENDOgenous mORPHINe)
|
|
|
Effect of bradykinin on renal perfusion
|
constrict veins
dilate arterioles --> inc renal perfusion |
|
|
Antidote to heparin
|
Protamine sulfate
|
|
|
Antidote to tPA
|
Aminocaproic acid
|
|
|
What to use for medication induced parkinsons
|
anti-muscarinics
|
|
|
Why infertility in cystic fibrosis
|
Bilateral absence of vas deferens
|
|
|
Act on ALA synthase
|
+
barbiturates alcohol hypoxia - glucose heme |
|
|
Zolpidem
Zaleplon Eszopiclone Duration, why Dependence risk |
Short duration - quickly metab by P450
low dependence risk |
|
|
Pulm embolism: clinical
|
pleuritic chest pain
|
|
|
Infective endocarditis: what type of hypersensitivity
|
Type III
|
|
|
Problem in Charcot-Marie tooth
|
Can't produce myelin sheath
|
|
|
Carcinoid tumor: where are cells from
|
Enterochromaffin cells
|
|
|
Lobular architecture disruption
Necrosis Macrophage infiltrate |
Viral hepatitis
|
|
|
Atrophy in embryology
|
Notochord
Thyroglossal duct |
|
|
Why use pralidoxime in cholinesterase poisoning
|
B/c can still get muscle fasiculations & paralysis (nicotinic)
|
|
|
What kind of gland is in the axilla
|
apocrine (eccrine is everywhere)
|
|
|
Crystals:
1. Not on X-ray 2. Treat with alkaline 3. Worsen with alkaline |
1. Uric acid
2. Cysteine 3. Ammonium manganese phosphate |
|
|
Appendicitis
- kids - adults |
kids - viral infection --> lymphoid hyperplasia
adults - obstruction/fecalith |
|
|
MVP click/murmur close to S1
MVP click/murmur close to S2 |
decrease preload (stand, Valsalva, anxiety)
increase preload (supine, squat, clench fist) |
|
|
In what heart murmur is S3 and S4 common
|
Mitral regurgitation
|
|
|
Constrictive pericarditis: MCC worldwide
key finding |
TB
Pericardial knock |
|
|
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: cause of death
|
conductino defect
|
|
|
Q waves in II, III, aVF
|
Inferior wall
RCA |
|
|
Speed of conduction
|
purkinje (contract ventricles bottom --> top)
atria ventricles AV node |
|
|
Renal cell carcinoma:
1. originates 2. histo 3. risk 4. paraneoplastic 5. spread |
1. epithelium of proximal renal tubular cells
2. polygonal, clear - filled with glycogen and lipids 3. smoking, obesity 4. EPO, ACTH, PTHrp, prolactin 5. IVC --> lung and bone |
|
|
When would you get diffuse cortical necrosis
|
DIC, shock, abruptio placentae
|
|
|
Tumor markers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
|
CEA
CA-19-9 |
|
|
Risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
|
Smoking
Chronic pancreatitis NOT EtOH |
|
|
Cryptorchidism/Orchitis effect on hormones
|
Damage Sertoli cells --> dec inhibin --> inc FSH
Leydig cells resistant --> normal testosterone, normal LH |
|
|
MCC primary dysmenorrhea
|
PGF2 (increases contracture of uterine muscles)
|
|
|
Endometriits: causes
|
group B strep
IUD (Actinomyces) Chronic - plasma cells |
|
|
Paget's cells in the vulva stain positive for...
|
mucin
|
|
|
Cause of death in cervical cancer
|
renal failure from obstruction of ureters
|
|
|
Precursor to vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
|
vaginal adenosis (squamous --> glandular columnar)
|
|
|
Why do alcohol and barbiturates stimulate ALA synthase
|
heme is used in P450 system in liver; alcohol and barbiturates revv up P450
|
|
|
Androgen-binding protein
|
Secreted by sertoli cells--> maintain high LOCAL levels of testosterone --> support spermatogenesis
|
|
|
First sign of diabetic glomerulonephropathy
|
Microalbuminuria
|
|
|
What murmurs does handgrip accentuate
|
Inc TPR/afterload
- VSD - mitral regurg |
|
|
Sounds like:
ASD VSD |
ASD: midsystolic pulmonary ejection murmur (inc flow across pulmonary valve)
VSD: holosystolic, left sternal border |
|
|
Best heard:
MR TR |
MR: apex --> axilla
expiration/inc TPR (squatting, handgrip) TR: Tricuspid area --> right sternal border Inspiration (inc RA return) |
|
|
Most common congenital heart defect
|
VSD
|
|
|
Thyroid hormone findings with:
anabolic steroids estrogen |
Steroids: dec TBG
--> dec T4 and normal TSH Estrogen: inc BG --> inc T4 and normal TSH (b/c in both cases, normal FT4) |
|
|
Antibodies in Hashimoto
|
Anti-microsomal (thyroid peroxidase)
Antithyroglobulin |
|
|
Treatment for thromboembolism
Acute Chronic |
Acute - Heparin
Chronic - Warfarin |
|
|
Friedrich's ataxia:
10% present with |
Diabetes Mellitus
|
|
|
Causes of target cell
|
HAALT
HbC disease Asplenia Alcoholism (alters cholesterol in membrane) Liver disease Thalassemia |
|
|
Causes of esophageal cancer
|
Smoking (MCC)
Alcohol |
|
|
Type of GI ulcer most likely to be benign
|
Duodenal
|
|
|
Why do pregnant women have metabolic alkalosis
|
E2 and P4 stimulate the respiratory center
|
|
|
Histo: primary CNS lymphoma
|
uniform atypical lymphocytes
|
|
|
Syncytiotrophoblast produces...
|
B-hCG
human placental lactogen (growth hormone of pregnancy, responsible for mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy) |
|
|
Rifampin monotherapy
|
Prophylaxis:
H. influenza B N. meningococcus |
|
|
Acute coronary syndrome at young age with angiographically normal coronary arteries
- also prone to... |
SLE
Lupus anticoagulant: - + VRDL - inc PTT - recurrent miscarriages - DVT |
|
|
What does the gubernaculum become in a female
|
Round and ovarian ligaments
|
|
|
Effects on surfactant synthesis
- Thyroid hormone - Prolactin - Insulin - Cortisol |
TH, prolactin, cortisol - INC
Insulin - DEc |
|
|
H. influenza: reason for virulence
|
capsule (antiphagocytic)
PRP |
|
|
Digoxin:
- clinical use - mechanism - ECG in tocivity |
mechanism - inhib Na/K ATPase --> inc Ca2+ inside --> positive ionotropy
- stim vagus nerve --> dec AV conduction clinical - CHF (inc ionotropy), Afib (dec conduction at AV node) ECG: inc PR, dec QT, scooping, T wave inversion |
|
|
Neonatal oxygen therapy can cause...
|
Neovasculariztion
Retinal detachment |
|
|
Rubella: clinical presentation
|
Rash that starts at head and moves down
Posterioauricular lymphadenopathy Arthralgias |
|
|
Drugs with antimuscarinic effects
|
Atropine
TCA (amitryptiline) H1 antagonistis (diphenhydramine) Neuroleptics Antiparkinson |
|
|
Heart mutations
1. long QT 2. Dilated cardiomyopathy 3. HCM |
1. K+ channel protein mutation (J-L --> sensorineural deafness)
2. Cytoskeletal proteins (dystrophin) or oxidative phosphorylation 3. Sarcomere proteins (B-myosin) |
|
|
Heparin: route of admin
|
Iv
|
