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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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E. coli virulence factors:
- septic shock - enteritis - pneumonia, neonatal meningitis - pyelonephritis |
- septic shock - LPS endotoxin
- enteritis - labile, stable - pyelonephritis - fimbrae - pneumonia, meningitis - K capsule |
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E. coli: agar
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MacConkey
Eaton's Methylene Blue --> metallic sheen |
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Sequelae to high b-hCG or complete moles
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Theca-lutein cyst
Choriocarcinoma |
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Azoles: mechanism
and related side effect |
Inhibit P450 enzyme that converts lnosterol to ergosterol
Liver dysfunction (inhib P450) |
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Azole: other side effect
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Hormone synth inhibition --> gynecomastia
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Griseofulvin - deposits in what tissues
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Keratin-containing (binds keratin, accum in keratin precursor cells in stratum corneum, cells differentiate, it remains bound --> prevent fungal growth)
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Pure motor hemiparesis
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Posterior limb of internal capsule
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Pure sensory hemiparesis
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VPM/VPL of thalamus
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Hemiplegia, coma
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base of pons
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Infarct internal capsule/basal ganglia:
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Lacunar infarct
- atherosclerosis - lipohyalinosis (Diabetes mellitus, HTN) |
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Methicillin resistance and ..... resistance are on the same plasmid
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Ciprofloxacin
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Don't take fluoroquinolones with...
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antacids
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Fluoroquinolones: damages...
Contraindicated in... |
Cartilage
Pregnant women and children |
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Temporal arteritis: first step
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ESR
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Polymyalgia rheumatica
Labs Treatment |
inc ESR, normal CK
Prednisone Note: no muscle weakness |
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Anti-psychotic side effects
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4h - dystonia - posturing, muscle spasm, stiffness
4d - akinesia - Parkinsonian (treat with Benztropine) 4wk - akathisia - restless 4mo - tardive diskinesia - bite, grimace (irreversible) |
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Peripheral conversion of L-dopa -->
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arrhythmia
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Long term use of L-dopa/carbidopa
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Dyskinesia following admin
Akinesia between doses |
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NMS:symptoms
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FEVER
Fever Encephalopathy Vitals unstable Elevated enzymes Rigidity of muscles (myoglobinuria, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability) |
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NMS: treatment
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Dantrolene - muscle relaxant
DA agonists - Bromocriptine |
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Neuroleptics block which receptors
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D2
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Atypical antipsychotics block which receptors
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D4
5-HT2 alpha H1 |
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Lowest pulmonary vasculature resistance
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Functional residual capacity
Inhale --> tension on vasculature Exhale --> pressure on vasculature |
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Associations:
S3 S4 |
S3 - high filling pressure
Dilated ventricles Normal in children and pregnant women S4 - high atrial pressure Ventricular hypertrophy Decreased compliance |
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Best heard:
S3 S4 |
S3 - bell, LV apex
left lateral decubitus exhalation (bring heart to chest wall) S4 - L - Apex - left lateral decubitus R - lower left sternal border, supine |
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Chain of smooth muscle contraction
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Ca2+ --> ca2+/calmodulin --> activate MLCK --> P-myosin
NO --> cGMP --> inactivate MLCK --> dephosphorylate myosin |
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TZDs: toxicity
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hepatotoxic --> measure LFTs
fluid retention --> cardiotoxic |
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sulfonylurea: toxicity
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1st gen - disulfiram-like
(tolbutamide, chlorpropamide) 2nd gen - hypoglycemia (glyburide, flimepiride, glipizide) |
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diabetes mellitus: death due to...
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MI
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clara cells: fxn
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surfactant
degrade toxins inhibit PMN recruitment |
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Self-limited hypothyroidism (initially hyperthyroid) following acute illness
- histo - findings |
Subacute thyroiditis
- granulomatous inflammation, giant cells - inc ESR, jaw pain |
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How might B-blockers affect diabetics?
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dec glucagon --> hypoglycemia
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Cortisol effect on epinephrine
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Inc Phenylephrine N-methyl transferase
Convert NE to Epi |
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Anti-motion sickness
& Toxicity |
anti M1 or anti H1 with anti M1 properties
toxicity - antimuscarinic |
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Stress test
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Ergonovine - Dx coronary vasospasm
Dobutamine (B1>B2) - inc CO without other effects of epi |
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Urine findings in PAH
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inc hemosiderin
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body
- toxic/viral hepatitis (Yellow Fever) |
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver
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Mallory Body - alcoholic hepatitis
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effect of nephrotic syndrome on lipids, Na+, K+
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transudate --> dec RBF --> inc RAA --> Na and K retention
lose protein --> liver inc protein synth --> VLDL, chol, LDL,... --> hyperlipidemia, lipiduria |
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Histo of esophagus:
inc lamina propria basal zone hyperplasia inflamm infiltrate |
GERD
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Esophagus response to
- lye (strong alkali) - acid reflux |
Esophageal strictures
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What to use for aspirin induced asthma
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Zafirlukast, montelukast - block leukotriene receptors
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Volume status in SIADH
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Near normal (body dec Aldo production)
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Two things that Schistosoma can cause
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Portal HTN
SQUAMOUS CELL carcinoma of bladder |
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Opioids: MOA
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GPCR
- open K+ - close Ca2+ prevent transmission of ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, subst P |
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side effects of anti-thyroid drugs
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Agranulocytosis
Aplastic Anemia --> fever, sore throat |
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Side effect of ACE inhibitors & what drug intrxns to avoid
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First dose hypotension
Avoid with thiazide or loop diuretics (hypo-natremic and -volemic) |
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Result of any hemolytic anemia
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Pigmented gallstones
(precipitate calcium bilirubinate) |
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Methotrexate: side effects
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Fatty liver change
Cirrhosis Stomatitis, mucositis |
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Hydroxychloroquine: clinical uses
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SLE
RA (mild, early - not antiinflammatory but disease modifying) |
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Wilm's Tumor: complex
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Wilm's tumor
Aniridia Genitourinary malformation mental-motor retardation Hemihypertrophy (one extremity larger than the other) |
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Vitamin C - GU problem...
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Oxalate crystals
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Chronic granulomatous disease - succeptible to what organisms
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catalase positive
- S. aureus - Nocardia - Serratia - Asperillus - Pseudomonas |
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Sporothrix under a microscope
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Cigar shaped
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