Practical Tricks

Front 1

what is the order of vessels in the spermatic cord going from medial to lateral

Back 1

testicular artery
pampiniform plexus
vas deferns

Front 2

what is the AP window?

Back 2

mediastinum beneath the aortic arch and above the left pulmonary artery. On a PA CXR it is a small indentation of air density between the arch and the LPA.

Front 3

costalphrenic recess/ Costophrenic Angle

Back 3

the potential space created by the folding of the parietal pleura upon itself. between the lungs and the diaphram

Front 4

where is the left ventricle on a radiograph?

Back 4

the left ventricle creates the lower left border of the heart

Front 5

RALS

Back 5

Right pulmonary artery is Anterior to broncus
Left pulmonary artery is Superior to broncus

Front 6

Minor Fissure

Back 6

minor fissure may be seen as a thin line extending horizontally from the right hilum to the right lateral chest wall.

Front 7

where is the right atrium on a chest xray?

Back 7

the right atrium defines the right border of the heart on a PA CXR.

Front 8

where is a lateral xray usually taken?

Back 8

the lateral chest x-ray is taken with the patient's left side against the cassette that means the side closest to the viewer is the right side

Front 9

The internal thoracic arteries are the branches off of what great vessel?

Back 9

subclavian

Front 10

where is the azygous vein on a transverse section of the chest?

Back 10

anterior and to the right of the vertebral column

Front 11

where is the left brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava on a transverse section of the chest?

Back 11

the left brachiocephalic is right posterior to the sternum and the SVC is to the right of that

Front 12

where is the esophagus located in a transverse section of the chest?

Back 12

anterior to and to the left of the spine is the esophagus.

Front 13

where is the hemiazygous located in a transverse section of the chest?

Back 13

behind the esophagus anterior and to the left of the spine

Front 14

where is the thoracic duct located in a transverse section of the chest?

Back 14

behind the trachea and to the right of the esophagus right in front of the vertebral column

Front 15

on a transverse section where could you find the AP window?

Back 15

between the aortic arches

Front 16

what is anterior and to the right of the carina in a transverse section?

Back 16

the superior vena cava

Front 17

in a transverse section what is to the left of the ascending and descending aorta?

Back 17

the left pulmonary artery

Front 18

in a transverse section if you see two airfilled holes next to the ascending and descending aorta what are they?

Back 18

right and left brochi

Front 19

what is the most posterior chamber of the heart when looking at a transverse section?

Back 19

the left atrium

Front 20

where is the pulmonary trunk?

Back 20

anterior and to the left of the aorta

Front 21

in a transverse section what defines the right border of the heart?

Back 21

the right atrium

Front 22

in a transverse section what defines the left border of the heart?

Back 22

the left ventricle

Front 23

in a transverse section what is the most anterior border of the heart?

Back 23

the right atrium

Front 24

when looking at a transverse section how do you tell the ivc from the diaphragm

Back 24

it is closer to the heart and posterior but it really looks continuous

Front 25

in a hysterosalpinogram which part is the inferior part of the uterus?

Back 25

CERVIX not vagina

Front 26

what is the infundibulum of the uterus?

Back 26

The infundibulum is the portion of the fallopian tube adjacent to the ovary.

Front 27

what are the parts of the stomach going in order in the radiograph of the stomach blown up?

Back 27

gastroesophageal junction, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal

Front 28

where do the lumbar arteries arise from the aortic trunk?

Back 28

Between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. There actually four pairs of them. They are right next to inferior mesenteric

Front 29

where is ileum in a radiograph vs jejunum?

Back 29

ileum is in the middle and jejunum is on the left

Front 30

hepatic portal vein is made up of which 2 veins?

Back 30

splenic vien and superior mesenteric vein

Front 31

where is ivc on a radiogram of the abdomen?

Back 31

looking posteriorly it is to the right of the vertebral column and you can see a branch into common iliac vein

Front 32

In terms of lymph nodes of the abdomen what is most superior? inferior?

Back 32

most superior are iliac lymph nodes more inferior are inguinal lymph nodes

Front 33

how can you tell the right and left crus in a transverse radiograph?

Back 33

left crus will be in front of the aorta and right crus will be more on the right side

Front 34

on a transverse section with the liver how do you tell what side you are on?

Back 34

the left side is more minimal and the right side is larger

Front 35

what is anterior to the spleen in the radiographs?

Back 35

stomach

Front 36

on a transverse section what is the relationship of the hepatic portal vein, ivc and hepatic artery?

Back 36

ivc is closest to the vertebrae
anterior to that will be the hepatic portal vein
to the left of that will be the proper hepatic artery

Front 37

when you are at the level of the sacrum you can see the following structures

Back 37

ureter (right next to sacrum)
uterus (in the middle of the body)
small bowel (anterior)

Front 38

in a radiograph which lobe of the liver is closer to the vertebrae?

Back 38

caudate

Front 39

what is in front of the spleen in a radiograph?

Back 39

the left colic flexure

Front 40

what is lateral to the left crus of the diaphragm and the aorta in the lumbar region?

Back 40

the adrenal gland

Front 41

what lies anterior to the ivc in the abdomen/lumbar region cross section?

Back 41

duodenum

Front 42

what is in the middle of the liver slightly lighter than the liver

Back 42

the gallbladder

Front 43

what lies medial to the gallbladder

Back 43

the hepatic flexure of the large intestine

Front 44

what are structures that are filled with air near the liver?

Back 44

the stomach

Front 45

what is the relationship in terms of anterior/posterior for the transverse and descending colon?

Back 45

transverse colon is anterior, descending colon is posterior on the left

Front 46

what is the structure that you see in the transverse section where the liver used to be?

Back 46

the ascending colon

Front 47

what is between the pancreas and the ivc in a cross section?

Back 47

the hepatic portal vein

Front 48

the stomach looks like three structures but they are all in front of what structure in the cross section?

Back 48

the pancreas

Front 49

between the pancreas and the kidney in a cross section is what?

Back 49

the adrenal gland

Front 50

what is near the pancreas but is more solid (not as grainy as the pancreas) (between pancreas and ivc)

Back 50

splenic vein

Front 51

what is a dark spot on the liver? in a transverse section

Back 51

falciform ligament

Front 52

what is the inferior mesenteric vein a branch of?

Back 52

the splenic vein

Front 53

what is anterior to the aorta and anterior to the left renal vein

Back 53

the superior mesenteric vein (think nutcrackers)

Front 54

what is just lateral/right of superior mesenteric artery?

Back 54

superior mesenteric vein

Front 55

what is to the left of the ivc when you are below the liver and can see the ascending colon

Back 55

the duodenum

Front 56

what is the linea semilunaris?

Back 56

linea semilunaris is the union point of the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles of the abdominal wall (external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis) just lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle.

Front 57

what muscle is lateral to the vertebral body infront of the transverse processes

Back 57

the psoas

Front 58

which muscle is lateral and posterior to psoas?

Back 58

quadratus lumborum

Front 59

what is lateral to the ivc?

Back 59

duodenum

Front 60

when you can see the psoas on the vertebrae what structure will be anteriolateral to them in cross section?

Back 60

ureters

Front 61

which structure looks bigger in a cross section radiograph: superior mesenteric artery or vein?

Back 61

superior mesenteric vein

Front 62

whats below the ascending colon and larger in the radiographs?

Back 62

cecum

Front 63

what are some indications that you are seeing the cecum vs ascending colon

Back 63

you can see quadratus and psoas and you can see the abdominal muscles

Front 64

in a radiograph what is more anterior or posterior? common iliac arteries vs common iliac veins?

Back 64

common iliac arteries are more anterior

Front 65

what connects the body and the transverse process? body and the spinous process?

Back 65

pedicles connect the body and the transverse process, lamina connect the body and the spinous process

Front 66

what are the two muscles on the anterior and posterior sides of the ilium?

Back 66

anterior - iliacus
posterior - gluteus medius

Front 67

the male pelvis section what are the anterior most pair of tubes?

Back 67

spermatic cord

Front 68

what is posterior to the spermatic cord in the male pelvis cross section?

Back 68

the external illiac arteries

Front 69

what structure is posterior to the bladder and NOT what you think it would be

Back 69

the cervix

Front 70

what is posterior to the uterus

Back 70

the sigmoid colon

Front 71

what does external iliac artery turn into?

Back 71

femoral artery

Front 72

in a radiograph what are the three parts of the urethra?

Back 72

membranous, bulbous and penile