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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phases of the cell cycle: |
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase/Cytokinesis |
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What happens during cytokinesis? |
-"pinching" begins outside along the edges of cell and moves inward -cytoplasm divides -officially 2 new cells |
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What is cytokinesis called in plant cells? |
Cell Plate |
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What is cytokinesis called in animal cells? |
cytokinesis |
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What structure breaks in late prophase? |
nuclear envelope |
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After nuclear envelope breaks apart in prometaphase, what happens? |
sister chromatids can move sporadically |
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Which phase contains subphases? What are they? |
Interphase -G1 -S-Phase -G2 -G0 |
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Heterozygous |
an organism that has 2 different alleles for one characteristic |
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Phenotype |
physical appearance |
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Monohybrid |
experiment that predicts the outcome of only one characteristic |
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Incomplete Dominance |
experiment results in intermediate offsprings (1 red + 1 white = pink offspring) |
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alleles |
traits factors (letters) used to represent each trait |
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genotype |
genetic makeup not seen on outside |
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offspring |
outcome of egg and sperm "babies" next generation |
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homozygous |
organism that has 2 identical alleles for a certain characteristic |
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adaptive trait |
heritable trait that gives a species a higher survival rate |
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natural selection |
non-random process that favors adaptive traits that increase an organism's chance of survival and ability to reproduce |
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natural selection causes: |
any allele resulting in beneficial traits to become more prominent in following generations -less prominent/common traits can die off |
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population |
consists of a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area |
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competition |
the interaction between organisms
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possible outcomes of competition |
-1 may be injured -both injured -complete elimination of 1 or both organisms (death) |
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intraspecific competition |
occurs between 2 members of the SAME species |
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interspecific competition |
occurs between members of a DIFFERENT species |
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gene flow |
alleles transfer from one population to another because of migration |
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gene pool |
total collection of genes in a population at any one time |
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formula for photosynthesis |
6CO(2)+6H(2)0 -->light-->chlorophyl--> H(12C(6))O(2)+6O(2) |
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where does photosynthesis occur within the cell? |
chloroplasts |
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solvent |
dissolving agent in which substances are mixed with |
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hypertonic |
when a solution has a higher concentration of solutes |
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hypotonic |
when a solution has a lower concentration of solutes |
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isotonic |
when a solution has an equal concentration of solutes |
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aqueous solution |
when water is the solvent |
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solution |
a liquid consisting of a uniformed mixture of 2 or more substances |
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stroma |
thick liquid that fills inner membrane of chloroplast |
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mesophyll |
numerous chloroplasts concentrated in a green tissue |
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where is mesophyll? |
-between upper and lower epidermis -located in the inside portion of a leaf |
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chlorophyll |
a light-absorbing pigment that makes the green color |
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solute |
substance that is dissolved |
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sol___ + sol___ = sol___ |
solvent + solute = solution |
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turgid |
very firm in hypotonic solution |
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plasmolyzed |
shrivieled hypertonic solution |
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flaccid |
limp isotonic solution |
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osmosis |
diffusion of water |
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stomata |
pores that allow carbo dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit the leaf |
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thylakoids |
interconnected sacs suspended in the stroma |
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grana |
stacks of thylakoids |
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3 main causes of a species evolcing |
1. natural selection 2. gene flow (migration) 3. genetic drift |
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3 things that will happen to a population if the environment changes: |
1. adapt to new conditions through natural selection 2. migrate to a new area with favorable conditions 3. become extinct |
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genetic drift |
a change in gene pool due to chance |
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MTOC |
microtubule organizing center (SAME AS CENTROSOMES) |
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genetics |
study of heredity |
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heredity |
the passing of traits to the offspring of each generation |
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traits |
characteristics of an organism |
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gene pair |
group that determines heritable characteristics |
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P generation |
parents/ 2 organisms mating |
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F1 generation |
offspring of P generation |
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F2 generation |
offspring of F1 generation |
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dihybrid |
experiment that predicts the outcome of 2 characteristics (hair color and length) |
