P.r. Terms Ch 7 Cell Reproduction

Front 1

Epidermal cells

Back 1

Skin cells

Front 2

Cell Division

Back 2

Allows the body to keep homeostasis

Front 3

Cell Cycle

Back 3

The cell's life cycle

Front 4

Interphase

Back 4

The first phase of the cell cycle

Front 5

Mitosis

Back 5

Cell division

Front 6

3 Parts of Interphase

Back 6

G1, S, G2

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Sister Chromatids

Back 7

Identical chromosomes that form in S phase

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Centromere

Back 8

The structure that holds the sister chromatids together

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Function of S Phase

Back 9

Chromosome replication

Front 10

When to growth and preparation for mitosis occur?

Back 10

G1 and G2 phase of interphase

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The Stages of Mitosis

Back 11

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Interphase

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Chromatin

Back 12

The genetic material scattered throughout the nucleus

Front 13

Spindle Fibers

Back 13

Microtubules that are spun out by the centrioles

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Kinetochore

Back 14

The structure on each chromatid to which the spindle fibers attach

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Cytokinesis

Back 15

The process in which the cytoplasm is split

Front 16

What Produces the Cleavage Furrow?

Back 16

Actin filaments

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Cell Plate

Back 17

The equivalent of cleavage in plants

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IPMAT

Back 18

I- Interphase/Interlude
P- Prophase/Prepare
M- Metaphase/Meet
A-Anaphase/Apart
T- Telophase/Tear

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Purposes of Mitosis

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-Produce daughter cells that are identical copies of parent cell
-Maintain proper number of chromosomes from generation to generation

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Diploid Cell

Back 20

Cell that has two sets of chromosomes

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Haploid Cell

Back 21

Cell that has one set of chromosomes

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Homologues

Back 22

Pairs of human chromosomes

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Homologous Chromosomes

Back 23

Are similar in size, shape, and express similar traits

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Gametes

Back 24

Sex cells

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Meiosis

Back 25

The production of gametes

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Gonads

Back 26

Organs where meiosis occurs

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Testes

Back 27

Male gonads

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Ovaries

Back 28

Female gonads

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2 Rounds of Cell Division

Back 29

Meiosis I and II

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4 Stages of Meiosis 1

Back 30

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I

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Synapsis

Back 31

When chromosomes line up side by side with their homologues in meiosis

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Tetrad/Bivalent

Back 32

Two sets of chromosomes coming together in synapsis (consists of 4 chromatids)

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Crossing-Over

Back 33

The exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes

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Alleles

Back 34

Different forms of the same gene

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Chiasmata

Back 35

The specialized regions at which homologous chromosomes are held together at the end of prophase

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Gametogenesis

Back 36

Another word for meiosis

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Spermatogenesis

Back 37

Sperm cells are produced by meiosis

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Oogenesis

Back 38

Ovums are produced by meiosis

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Polar Bodies

Back 39

Other 3 cells produced by oogenesis

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Ovum

Back 40

The surviving female gamete

Front 41

Differences between mitosis and meiosis

Back 41

-Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in sex cells.
-Mitosis produces identical cells, while meiosis produces gametes.
-Mitosis starts with diploid cells and ends with diploid cells, while meiosis starts with diploid cells and ends with haploid cells.

Front 42

Down's Syndrome

Back 42

People with this disorder have 3 copies of the 21st chromosome rather than 2.

Front 43

Translocation

Back 43

A segment of a chromosomes moves to another chromosome

Front 44

Transposons

Back 44

DNA segments that have the ability to move around the genome