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45 Cards in this Set
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State |
A community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external and internal control. |
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Government Sovereignty Territory People |
Four elements of State |
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polis |
The word political is derived from the Greek word ___ meaning city |
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"scire" to know |
The word "science" comes from the Latin word |
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1. Political Theory 2. Public Law 3. Public administration |
Scope of Political Science: |
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1. History 2. Economy 3. Geography 4. Sociology and Anthropology 5. Psychology 6. Philosophy 7. Statistics and Logic 8. Jurisprudence |
Branches of Social Science connected to Political Science: |
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1. Education for Citizenship 2. Essential parts of liberal education 3. Knowledge as understanding of government. |
Goal in study of Political Science |
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People |
This refers to the inhabitants living within the state. Smallest population: Vatican. Largest population: India |
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Territory |
It included not only the fixed portion if land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends (territorial domain), but also the rivers and lakes therein, a certain area of the sea which abuts upon it's coasts (fluvial and maritime domain), and the air space above the land and the waters (Aerial domain). Thus, the domain of the state may be described as terrestrial, fluvial, maritime, and aerial. Smallest teritory: Vatican Largest territory: Russia |
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Government |
It refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out. |
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Sovereignty |
The term may be defined as the supereme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction and corollarily, to have freedom from foreign control. It can be internal or external. |
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1. Evolution Theory 2. Force Theory 3. Divine Right Theory 4. Natural Theory 5. Social Contract Theory 6. Paternalistic Theory 7. Maternalistic Theory 8. Marxist Theory |
Origins of the State |
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Political Theory |
The entire body of doctrine relating to the origin, form, behavior, and purposes of the state are dealt with in the study of this subject. |
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Public Law |
The organization of governments, the limitations upon government authority, the powers and duties of governmental office and officers, and the obligations of one state to another are handled in the study of *. In contradistinctions of the rules of private law, which governs the relations among individuals, public law is so specialized that separate courses are offered in each of its subdivisions- constitutional law, administrative law, and international law. |
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Public Administration |
In the study of public administration, attention is focused upon the methods and techniques used in the actual management of state affairs by executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. |
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Divine Right Theory |
It holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people. Reference has been made by advocates of this theory to the laws which Moses received at Mount Sinai. |
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Necessity or force theory |
It maintains that states must have been created through force, by some great warriors who imposed their will upon the weak. |
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Paternalistic Theory |
It attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family which remained under the authority of the father or mother. By natural stages the family grew into a clan, then developed into a tribe which broadened into a nation, and the nation became a state. |
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Social Contract Theory |
It asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good. This theory justifies the right of the people to revolt against a bad ruler. |
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Nation |
A group of people bound together by certain characteristics such as common social origin, language, customs, and traditions, and who believe that they are one and distinct from others. The term is more strictly synonymous with people. |
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•Advancement of the public welfare •Consequence of Absence |
Purpose of Government |
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Advancement of the public welfare |
Government exists and should continue to exists for the benefit of the people governed. It is necessary for the protection of society and its members, the security of persons and property, the administration of justice, the preservation of the state from external danger, dealings of the state with foreign powers and the advancement of the physical, economic, social, and cultural well being of the people. |
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Consequence of Abscence |
Government exists to these things which by their very nature, it is better equipped to administer for the public welfare than any private individual or group of individuals. It is obvious that without an organized structure of government, anarchy and disorder, and a general feeling of fear and insecurity will prevail in society, progress, and development will not be possible, and values taken for granted in a free modern society such as truth freedom, justice, equality, rule of law, and human dignity can never be enjoyed. |
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1. As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers. 2. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government. 3. As to relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government. |
Forms of government. Principal forms of the following: |
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a. Monarchy b. Aristocracy c. Democracy |
As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers |
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Monarchy |
One in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of his election of the nature or duration of his tenure. It can be classified into Absolute Monarchy and Limited Monarchy. |
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Absolute Monarchy |
One in which the ruler rules by divine right.
Still have power in the government. |
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Limited Monarchy |
One in which the ruler rules in accordance with a constitution.
It can also be called constitutional, where the position is just a figurehead with no power, just influence in the government. |
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Aristocracy |
One in which political power is exercised by a few privileged class which is known as an aristocracy or oligarchy. |
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John Locke |
According to him there are Good people but can't remove the government by Social Contract |
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Thomas Hobbs |
He believes that there are bad people and they can remove the government. |
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Jean Jacques Rousseau |
He believes that there are good people but bad governance |
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Democracy |
one in which political power is exercised by the majority of the people. It can be classified as Direct or Indirect. |
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Direct or pure democracy |
The one in which the will of the states is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the poeple in a mass meeting or primary assembly rather through the medium of delegates or representatives chosen to act for them.
The people choose a person to participate in creating laws, and they vote for the laws.
Example: Switzerland |
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Indirect or Republican Democracy |
One in which the will of the state is formulated and expressed through the agency of a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as their representatives.
Poeple choose representatives to create laws for them or vote for laws. (US, India, Mexico) |
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Unitary government |
one in which the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government. the supreme authority and organizations are joined together. |
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Federal government |
One in which the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other local affairs, each orhan being supreme within its own sphere. Example: United States
Each small unit can have power. (Barangays, Probinsya) |
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Parliamentary Government |
One in which the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. Under this system, the Cabinet or ministry is immediately and legally responsible to the legislature and inmediately or politically responsible to the electorate, while the titular or nominal executive - the Chief of State - occupies a position of irresponsibility.
Voters vote legislative, then the legislative/ executive will vote someone who can lead our country, the legislatives can also remove the prime minister/ruler.
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Presidential Government |
One in which the state makes the executive constitutionally independent of the legislature as regards of his tenure and to a large extent as regards his policies and acts, and furnished him with sufficient powers to prevent the legislature from trenching upon the sphere marked out by the constitution as executive independence and prerogative.
Voters vote legislative and executive branches separately, countries with no prime minister. |
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Autocracy (Totalitarianism) |
Supreme power is in one person, decisions can never be subjected to legal restraints. |
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Dictatorships |
Characterized by a single ruler who holds absolute power. |
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Communism |
a form of govermment where the state owns all property and control the means of production. In a communist system, there is no private ownership, and the goal is to achieve a classless society. |
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Theocracy |
A country led by the priest |
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Republics |
A country who have elected officials who represent the people. |
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Republican Democracy |
Elected representatives have supreme power Examples: Philippines |
