Ppe P1-21

Front 1

When do we recommend CUA?

Back 1

1. Quality of Life is important.
2. Drugs have a wide variety of outcomes.
3. treatments/drugs affect both qualitative(morbidity) and quantitative(mortality) outcomes
4. Different units of outcomes compared.

Front 2

When do we not use CUA?

Back 2

1. Only intermediate benefits can be measured.
2. The effects of treatment are equally effective?
3. QoL is important (multi-unit) but a single unit of outcome is measured (physical function).

Front 3

Examples of utility

Back 3

QALY (quality adjusted life years)
HYEs (Healthy Equivalent Years)
QALE (Quality Adjusted Life Expectancy)

Front 4

Advantages of CUA

Back 4

Compare outcomes across health states
Measure multiple aspects of drug and treatment effects

Front 5

CUA Limitations

Back 5

Utility measurements are not standardized
Measuring utility is difficult
Measuring utility is labor and time intensive

Front 6

Net benefits calculation

Back 6

Net Benefit = B-C

Front 7

Incremental B/C ratio

Back 7

(B1-B2)/(C1-C2)

Front 8

CBA Advantages

Back 8

Based on welfare economy
Can measure multiple outcomes with 1 unit
Can measure multiple outcomes at once
Can decide if a program is worthwhile with limited resources
Result: Net benefits of project or program

Front 9

CBA Disadvantages

Back 9

Difficult to assign monetary values to human life
Unethical

Front 10

Another name for cost minimization analysis

Back 10

Cost-identification analysis

Front 11

Advantages CMA

Back 11

No requirement to monetarize or compare benefits

Front 12

CMA's limitations

Back 12

Hard to prove that outcomes are clinically identical across drugs/trials
Can't compare treatments or drugs with different outcomes

Front 13

List four different types of Perspectives in Study Perspective

Back 13

Patient
Health care providers
Health care payers
Society

Front 14

This perspective is concerned with:
--out of pocket payments for medical care
--wage losses due to illness or treatment
--time receiving treatment

Back 14

patient

Front 15

This perspective is concerned with:

--direct health care costs to provide medical care
--less interested in direct non-health and time costs

Back 15

Health care providers (ie. hospitals, mds)

Front 16

This perspective is concerned with:
--payment to providers (direct health care costs)
--costs of processing claims
--not interested in direct non-hc costs and time costs

Back 16

health care payers

Front 17

This perspective is concerned with:
--the most comprehensive viewpoint
--all health effects and all changes in resource use are included
--most costs from societal perspective may be similar to the costs fromt eh pt's perspective

Back 17

society

Front 18

How do you calculate QALY?

Back 18

the product of LYG x Utility