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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavioral Genomics is the study of...
Specifically the effect of _______ and _______ to influence behavior |
The study of how GENES AFFECT BEHAVIOR.
Examines the complex matter of how our GENES function together with each other and the ENVIRONMENT to influence behavior |
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Angeleman Syndrome
-characteristics -caused by a deformation of.. -prooves that... |
A set of symptoms including: excessive happiness, excitability, friendliness, hypermotor activity, short attention, retardation
caused by deformation in chromosome 15. prooves that alterations in a gene (even prenataly) can affect an individual's personality. |
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According to the chapter what significant part of personality is exclusive to genetics?
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temprament
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what are the four aspects of temperament?
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Activity: overall energy level
Emotionality: arousability (calm vs. fussy) Sociability: reaction with others. Impulsivity/Agression: cold or friendly. |
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Eysenck's model of Nervous system temperament
-what biological link does eysnick's theory propose? |
Suggests that introverts avoid arousal because of a large amount of internal nervous arousal. Meanwhile, extroverts seek arousal for lack of mental arousability.
Links the introversion-extroversion dimension to the underlying nervous system |
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What are the two difficulties with Eysnick's theory?
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-difficult to define and measure nervous system “arousal”
-Human body tries to maintain equilibrium so responses are not consistent |
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what two sources of evidence supoprt eysnick's claim?
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-Skin conductance studies find that introverts are slower to habituate to sensory stimuli
-Extroverts generally show less EEG arousal than introverts |
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What are the two important systems in Gray's personality theory? Where are they located?
-BIS -BAS |
BIS- Behavioral inhbition system is in the left prefrontal cortex
BAS- Behavioral Activation system is in the right prefrontal cortex. |
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What happens with an overactive BIS system? BAS?
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Overactive BIS: prone to anxiety
Overactive BAS: increase risky behavior (thrill-seekers) |
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What systems seem to play a role in the BIS vs BAS? In which way does each regulate behavior?
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BIS- Serotonin. behavior is regulated AGAINST UNDESIRED states.
BAS- Dopamine. behavior is regulated TOWARD DESIRED states. |
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Zuckerman's thrill seeking and addictions model. What system may be disabled?
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Those high on "sensation seeking" have a low level of internal arousal, so they are drawn to novel and exciting experiences.
These individuals may have defects in their dopaminergic systems. |
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Twin studies: what do they tell us?
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Comparing identical twins
to fraternal twins makes it possible to detect GENETIC INFLUENCES on personality. |
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Why would we study adopted children and both sets of their parents?
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These studies seek to determine the effects of the environment. In their homes they are "raised" by their adoptive environment and "raised" by their biologic parents.
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What influences personality?
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Personality is influenced by biology, socialization, and environment.
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tropisms
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An intriguing way that biology can affect personality is by affecting the environments in which we find ourselves. Biology may lead some of us in search of a happy lifestyle and others of us to health-threatening lifestyles.
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How could other people influence our personality?
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Physical characteristics influence the way others treat us and thereby mold our views of the world—our.
ex: pretty individuals rated as nicer, more successful, paid more.... |
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What role does attachment play in personality?
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A person's attachment is said to be biologically determined. The attachment style a person develops in childhood may influence their future relationships with others.
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How is altruism defended by an evolutionary standpoint?
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It may seem that altruism hinders the individual by strengthening competition. Researchers believe that it enhances their survival by helping others similar to themselves in the gene pool.
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What is the cinderella effect?
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Refers to evidence suggesting that parents give preference to biological children over step-children
f.e: Stepchildren much more likely to be abused (physically, verbally, sexually, emotionally) |
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Social Darwinism:
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darwin argued that individuals, cultures, and societies take part in a natural survival of the fittest competition
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Eugenics
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Eugenics is a social theory advocating the improvement of human hereditary traits through various forms of intervention
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