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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an objective measurement? give an example.
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measurement is not dependent on a judgment by the individual making the assessment.
ex: physiological measure, test score, "finding an embedded figure in a complex drawing ?????" |
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What is an subjective measurement? give an example.
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measurement that relies on interpretation.
Drawings, Analysis of dreams, analysis of thoughts, hypnosis |
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what are the strengths and weaknesses of subjective measures?
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Strength:
-complex phenomena may be examined and VALUABLE INSIGHT MAY BE GATHERED. Weakness: -different observers may make different judgments |
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What is reliability? What word is synonmous?
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Reliability refers the consistency of scores on a measure.
Precision/Constancy |
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What is validity? what is its synonym?
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The degree to which a test measures what it says it measures
Accuracy |
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What are the three dimensions from which to measure reliability?
-what methods do we use to test for each. |
internal consistancy Alternate forms
-split halvs -Chronbach's alpha Rater reliability -use several raters and compare or average. Test consistancy (Test-test reliability) |
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relationship between reliability and validity
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Validity of a measure is limited by its’ reliability; that is to say, an unreliable measure cannot be valid.
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what are the three sources of bias?
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Response sets
Ethnic Bias Gender Bias |
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What is response set bias?
- what are the two most common? |
A bias in responding that is unrelated to the characteristic being measured
-yea-sayers -social desirability |
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Ethnic bias
-defenition |
Many tests fail to take into account the relevant culture or subculture of the person being tested
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Gender bias
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Gender socialization and Gender inequalities:
Certain characteristics are "acceptable" for men and some for women... deviations may be a source of bias. |
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Self report tests/inventories
-Advantages |
MOST COMMON TYPE OF MEASURE!!
-short/fast -inexpensive -objective |
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What are some of the most commonly used inventory scales?
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MMPI
CPI HPI 16PF |
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Projective tasks
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Technique that attempts to study personality through the use of a relatively unstructured stimulus or task
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of Projective tests?
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-Individual is able to “project” unconscious motives and concerns
-Interpretation is subjective |
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What are common projective tests?
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Rorchack Inkblot test
TAT- Cards and tell story "Draw a person" |
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Ratings by others
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ussually includes an inventory to be filled out by
-a family member -spouse -children -co-worker -teacher -therapist |
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behavioral observation
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litterally recording behaviors and counting their occurence. May also include experience sampling (beepers)
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Interviews
-what are the three classes? |
Structured-follows a set plan or set of questions
Unstructured- informal discussion with no guidelines Semistuctured- some combination of the two. maybe start as one and end with another. |
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Expressive behavior
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The assessment of non-verbal cues such as speech rate, gestures, posture, and gaze.
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Why must we be extra cautious about using the EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR method?
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Because it is HEAVILY influenced by CULTURE!
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What is important to remember about any test?
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it contains some level of error!
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