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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 gram ( + ) rods:
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clostridium
corneybacterium listeria bacillus |
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catalase ( + ), coagulase ( + )
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staph aureus
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catalase ( - ), coagulase ( + ), novobiosin ( + )
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staph epidermitis
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catalase ( - ), coagulase ( + ), novobiosin ( - )
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staph saprophyticus
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Diarrhea 0-8 hrs : bugs
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(preformed toxin)
• Staph aureus • Bacillus cereus • Clostridium |
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Bacterial Pigments: gold & green
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Pseudomonas:
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Bacterial Pigments: gold
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Staph aureus:
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Bacterial Pigments: white
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Staph epidermidis:
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Bacterial Pigments: none
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Staph saprophyticus:
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Acute Bacterial Endocarditis:
pathogen what valves it attacks tx |
Staph aureus (attacks tricuspid valves)
Tx: vancomycin or Nafcillin + Gentamycin for 4 wk ampicillin sulbactam / ceftriaxone |
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Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis:
pathogen valves Tx |
Strep viridans (attacks mitral valves)
Tx: vancomycin or Nafcillin + Gentamycin for 4 wk ampicillin sulbactam / ceftriaxone |
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Gram + Capsule:
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Strep Pneumo
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Gram (-) Capsules:
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"Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules"
Salmonella Klebsiella H. influenza B Pseudomonas Neisseria |
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what 9 are gram ( + ) cocci:
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Enterococcus
Staph Aureus Staph Epidermitis Staph Saprophyticus Strep Agalactiae "Group B Strep" Strep Pharyngitis Strep Pneumoniae Strep Pyogenes Strep Viridans |
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Enterococcus: 2 types
lab identification disease Tx |
Enterococcus
(nitrite negative) • Faecalis • Faecium • Infectious-endocarditis after GI/GU problems; UTIs • Tx: Vancomycin |
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Staph Aureus
presentation on a slide |
(Gram+ cocci in clusters): most common
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flat, red, blanching (infection of epidermis). Dx and pathogen
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Cellulitis: Staph Aureus
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umbilicus cellulitis
Dx: pathogen: |
Omphalitis: Staph Aureus
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abdominal ring of cellulitis
Dx: pathogen: |
Panniculitis: Staph Aureus
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breast infection
Dx: pathogen: |
Mastitis: Staph Aureus
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infection of skin around nail margin
Dx: pathogen: |
Paronychia: staph aureus
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bone infection: except sickle cell and salmonella
Dx: pathogen: |
Osteomyelitis
staph aureus |
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Fasciitis
pathogen: |
staph aureus
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furuncle infection (pus)
Dx: pathogen: |
staph aureus
Folliculitis |
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carbuncle w / hair follicle in it
Dx pathogen |
staph aureus
Furuncle |
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small area of infection "boil"
Dx pathogen |
staph aureus
Carbuncle |
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penis head infection
Dx pathogen |
staph aureus
Balanitis |
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staph aureus toxins: (7)
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"β-CELL"
β-lactamase Enterotoxin Elastase Collagenase Lecithinase Lipase Coagulase |
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staph aureus toxin: Enterotoxin
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=> symptoms <8hrs
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staph aureus toxins: Elastase
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=> acute bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia (2wks after flu)
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staph aureus toxin: Collagenase
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eats collagen
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staph aureus toxin: Lecithinase
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eats connective tissue
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staph aureus toxin: Lipase
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eats fat=> panniculitis
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staph aureus toxin: β-lactamase:
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eats penicillin
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staph aureus toxin: Coagulase:
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eats through clot
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staph epidermitis
what does it usually infect? Tx tx for VRE where is VRE usually found? |
• Central lines, V-P shunts, Vegetations on tricuspid
• Tx: Vancomycin • Tx: Linezolid - for VRE (usually found in armpits or groin) |
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Gram (-) Diplococci:
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N. gonorrhea
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Gram (+) Diplococci:
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Strep pneumo
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Staph Saprophyticus:
enzymes diseases |
• Coagulase-, Novobiocin resistant
• UTI in females (5-10, 18-24 y/ o) • "Honeymooner's cystitis" |
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Strep Agalactiae "Group B Strep" causes what disease in a child?
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child meningitis
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Strep Pharyngitis:
presentation tx |
• Anterior cervical nodes
• Tx: Penicillin G (1.2 million units IM) |
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Strep Pneumoniae
diseases: (4) presentation of sputum: |
#1 cause of sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia (rusty colored sputum)
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gram ( + ) bug with lgA protease and capsule
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Strep Pneumoniae
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Otitis media (red bulging tympanic membrane)
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Strep Pneumoniae
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Pneumococcal vaccine- covers 23 strains:
who are recommended for this vaccine? |
>2 y /o sickle cell pts
• >65 y/o • End organ failure • Asplenic |
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Strep Pyogenes:
name presentation clue |
"Group A Strep"
(Gram + chains) "LINES" |
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Strep Pyogenes: what does it cause? (6)
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"LINES"
Lymphangitis Impetigo Necrotizing fasciitis Erysipelas Scarlet fever |
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Lymphangitis:
describe pathogen |
red streak (infection follows lymph channels)
strep pyogenes |
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Impetigo vs. bullous impetigo
pathogen(s): tx |
Strep Pyogenes
honey crusted lesions (but bullous impetigo is Staph =>pealing skin) Tx: Cephalexin +topical Mupirocin |
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Necrotizing fasciitis
describe pathogen |
Strep Pyogenes
flesh-eating bacteria |
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Necrotizing fasciitis:
pathogen: toxins: Virulence factor: Capsule: Tx: |
flesh-eating bacteria by Strep Pyogenes ="Group A Strep"
o Toxins: Streptolysin-O, -S o Virulence factor: M protein (M12 => PSGN) o Capsule has hyaluronic acid o Tx: Debridement + Clindamycin |
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Erysipelas
pathogen describe |
strep pyogenese
red, shiny, swollen, does not blanch, infection of subcutaneous fat |
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Scarlet fever
pathogen describe |
strep pyogenese
sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue, involves palm/sole |
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Strep Viridans = "Group D"
disease what does it damage |
Can progress to subacute bacterial endocarditis ⇨ attacks damaged valves
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Gram+ Rods: name all
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(Actinomyces, bacillus, clostridium, corneybacterium, listeria, Nocardia, Propionibacterium Acnes)
Actinomyces Bacillus Anthratis Bacillus Cereus Clostridium Botulinum Clostridium Difficile Clostridium Septicum Clostridium Perfringens Clostridium Tetani Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Listeria Monocytogenes Nocardia Propionibacterium Acnes |
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Rheumatic fever
diagnosis criteria: |
need at least 2 "SPECC"
Subcutaneous nodules Polyarthritis Erythema Marginatum (red margins) Chorea (Sydenham's) |
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Rheumatic fever tx
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Tx: Penicillin
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Urease+ bugs
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"Urease PPUNCH"
Proteus pseudomonas Ureaplasma Nocardia Cryptococcus H. pylori |
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Simple Gram ( - )
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• H. influenza
• E. coli |
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Heart Block Infections: Sx and bugs
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Sx: low pulse, high temp
"LSD loves company" • Diphtheria • Typhoid fever (Salmonella) • Legionella • Lyme disease • Chagas |
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3 IgA Protease Bugs:
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1. Strep pneumo.
2. H. influenza 3. Neisseria cattaharis |
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IgA Protease Bugs: desease it can causes
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(can survive in mouth)
⇨sinusitis ⇨otitis media ⇨pneumonia ⇨bronchitis |
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Actinomyces:
type of bacteria clues tx |
gram (+) rods
• Face fistulas (eats face off) • Sulfur granules • Tx: Penicillin x 12mo |
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Bacillus Anthratis
type of bacteria spore toxin transmission tx |
gram (+) rods
"box-car like " spore Toxin: Edema Factor, Protector factor, Lethal factor, has D-Glu (humans have L-amino acids) No person-person transmission Tx: ciprofloxacin |
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Bacillus Cereus
type of bacteria clues |
"B serious about fried rice"
gram (+) rods fried rice, pre-formed toxin |
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Clostridium Botulinum
type of bacteria etiology pathogenesis most common cause of death |
>gram (+) rods
>adult canned food (toxin), kids <6mo honey or molasses (spore) >Toxin inhibits pre-synaptic release of ACh => die of respiratory failure, no gag reflex |
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Clostridium Botulinum
test and tx |
gram (+) rods
Test: toxin in stool • Tx: Antitoxin, 2)Penicillin with intubation |
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Black tar heroin IV drug abusers infection
type of bacteria name of pathogen |
gram (+) rods
Clostridium Botulinum |
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Flaccid descending paralysis (normal sensation)
pathogen and type of bacteria |
gram (+) rods
Clostridium Botulinum |
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Clostridium Difficile
type of bacteria disease and presentation Dx Tx |
gram (+) rods
=>pseudomembranous colitis (explosive diarrhea) • Associated w / antibiotic use (Clindamycin) Dx: stool cytotoxin Tx: oral Vancomycin or Metronidazole |
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Clostridium Septicum:
type of bacteria disease clue |
(Gram+ spore)=> Colon CA
• Black pigment |
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Clostridium Perfringens:
where is it found O2 |
anaerobe, found in soil/feces
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Dry gangrene
describe Tx pathogen |
Clostridium Perfringens
necrosis (Tx: immediate amputation) |
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Wet gangrene
pathogen describe Tx |
Clostridium Perfringens
gas emboli to RV => outlet obstruction (Tx: lay pt on left side, pound on right) |
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Gastroenteritis - holiday ham/ turkey
pathogen cause by what toxin |
Clostridium Perfringens
caused by enterotoxin |
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Gas gangrene in legs of diabetics (poor blood supply)
pathogen caused by what toxin |
Clostridium Perfringens
caused by α toxin |
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Clostridium Tetani
shape how is it acquired? toxin MOA: presentation what poison would produce the same symptoms? |
"tennis racquet" shape, dirty wounds (rusty metal)
• Toxin: inhibits Gly release in spinal cord => "lock jaw", respiratory failure • Risus sardonicus => look like a clown • Strychnine has the same mechanism |
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Clostridium Tetani tx
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1) Antitoxin Ig
2) Toxoid (if haven't had in last 5 yrs) 3) Glucocorticoid 4) Diazepam (decrease muscle spasms) 5) Penicillin |
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Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
how does it look like? MOA of toxin: presentation: (2) pathogenic strain and test tx |
Gray chinese corn gets stuck in throat"
• Looks like "C-hinese letters" • Toxin ADP-ribosylates EF2 (like pseudo) ⇨ stop protein synthesis • Vascular gray membrane (don't scrape!), wraps around trachea=> suffocate • Heart block => prolonged PR interval, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy • Pathogenic strain: has a temperate bacteriophage (Elek test) • Tx: Anti-toxin (tetanus), then antibiotics |
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Listeria Monocytogenes:
type of bacteria shape and motility presentation in neonates and adults |
only Gram + w/ endotoxin
comma shaped, tumbling • Neonates=> meningitis w/ granulomas, abortions • Adults=> gastroenteritis, heart block |
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Listeria Monocytogenes: tx and causes
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Raw cabbage (migrant workers)
Hot dogs Soft cheese Spoiled milk Tx: Macrolides, Ampicillin |
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unspoiled-milk = pathogen
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Staph aureus
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Nocardia:
who is at risk tx |
• Attacks immunocompromised pts
• Tx: Bactrim or Minocycline x 6mo |
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Propionibacterium Acnes
type of bacteria and location presentation why does it live in sebaceous gland what hormone stimulates propionic acid? O2 |
(<Gram + anaerobe): in hair follicles
>>'White comedone => black if popped (oxidation) >>Likes propionic acid in the sebaceous gland >>Progesterone stimulates propionic acid production >>Hates 02 |
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Propionibacterium Acnes
tx (4) SE |
1. Antibacterial washes: Benzoyl-peroxide
2. Abrasive scrubs 3. Minocycline 4. Retinoic acid (vit A) "Accutane - rapid turnover of skin SE: Photosensitivity, Hyperlipidemia (fat soluble), NTD |
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Gram - Cocci
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Eikenella Corrodens
Neisseria Catarrhalis Neisseria Gonorrhea Neisseria Meningitidis |
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Gram - Rods
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Bacteroides Fragilis
Campylobacter Jejuni E. Coli Fusobacterium Necrophorum Haemophilus Aegyptus, Haemophilus Influenza, Helicobacter Pylori Klebsiella Pneumonia Proteus Mirabilis, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Salmonella, Serratia Marcescens, Shigella Vibrio Cholera, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Vibrio Vulnificus Yersinia Enterocolitica, Yersinia Pestis |
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Coccoid Rods:
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Bordetella Pertussis
Brucella Francisella Tularensis |
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Ixodes Tick Diseases:
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Lyme disease - migrating target lesion
Babesiosis - hemolytic anemia, malaria sx Ehrlichiosis - puncture wound near eye, dog lick |
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G-protein Disrupters
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• Pertussis: inhibits Gi
• Cholera: stimulates Gs • E- coli: stimulates Gs |
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UTI Prostatitis:
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e. coli
Proteus Klebsiella pseudomonas |
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what bug?
Cat scratch Cat saliva Cat pee Cat caca |
>Cat scratch- Bartonella henselae
"the cat scratched Bart" >Cat saliva - Pasturella Multocida· >Cat pee -Toxoplasmosis >Cat caca - toxocara cati |
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Gram + endotoxin:
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Listeria
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Gram - exotoxin:
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H. influenza
Bordetella pertussis |
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Cryoglobulinemia:
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Palpable purpura
"I .AM HE" Influenza Adenovirus Mycoplasma Hep B,C EBV |
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Monocytosis: bugs and sx
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Sx: Granulomas
"STELS" Syphilis TB EBV Listeria |
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Comma shaped bugs:
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"HaLV-C => comma"*
H. pylori Listeria Vibrio |
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Spore Formers (D-Glu):
at what phase does the spores form 2 pathogens |
Occur lag phase
• Bacillus anthracis • Clostridium botulinum |
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Big Mama anaerobes:
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• Bacteroides fragilis
• Strep. bovis • C. septicum |
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Big Mama anaerobes: tx
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Tx:
• clindamycin • Cefoxitin • Metronidazoie |
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Eikenella Corrodens:
type of bacteria how is it acquired? tx |
Gram - Cocci:
• Human bites • Tx: Amp-Sulbactam |
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Neisseria Catarrhalis:
clues location diseases |
• Loves mucus => attacks respiratory tract; normal respiratory flora
• #3 cause of sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia |
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Neisseria Gonorrhea:
type of bacteria media and enzyme what problem does it cause? (5) why can't they be cured? complication |
Gram - diplococcus
• Thayer-Martin media, IgA protease • Pili have phage variation => can't kill 'em • Urethritis, tenovitis, synovitis (wrist/ ankle) • Neonatal blindness, teenager septic arthritis • Fitz-Hugh-Curtis: pus drops through the Fallopian tube onto the-liver |
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Neisseria Meningitidis:
type of bacteria capsule, enzyme, ferments what sugar how does it enter the respiratory system? when does it release the bacteria? disease and what does it lead to? |
(only Gram- diplococci), biggest capsule, IgA protease, ferments maltose
• Has pili => respiratory entry • Only bacteria to release its toxin while multiplying in log phase ⇨ DIC • Waterhouse-Friderichsen: pus drops through the Fallopian tube onto-adrenal glands => adrenal hemorrhage, DIC, purpura, hypotension, shock |
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen
pathogen describe complications |
Neisseria Meningitidis
pus drops through the Fallopian tube onto-adrenal glands => adrenal hemorrhage, DIC, purpura, hypotension, shock |
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Bacteroides Fragilis:
diesease tx (3) |
post-op pelvic abscess
Tx: Metronidazole/Clindamycin/Cefoxitin |
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Campylobacter Jejuni:
shape how is it aquired presentation how is it inactivated tx |
comma "seagull shaped"
raw chicken and eggs Very bloody diarrhea Inactivated by gastric juices Tx: Ciprofloxacin |
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E. Coli: diseases (5)
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appendicitis
ascending cholangitis cholecystitis SBP UTI |
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E. Coli makes what vitamins (4)
helps absorb what vitamins |
Makes:
• Biotin • Vit B4=pantothenic acid • Vit B9 = folate • Vit. K => bleeding if suppressed by antibiotics • Helps absorb vit B12 |
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E. Coli
agar toxin tx |
Pink on MacConkey's agar
• Toxin => ADP ribosylation of Gs (like cholera) • Tx: Ciprofloxacin |
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E. coli that causes inflammatory = > loose stools
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EIEC
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E.coli: traveler's = > rice water diarrhea.
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ETEC
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EHEC
type of diarrhea how is it acquired toxin and what can it lead to? |
hemorrhagic
raw hamburger verotoxin = >renal failure |
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two type of EHEC
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Endemic HUS - a few people
Epidemic HUS = 0157:H7 strain -lots of people |
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pathogenic=> newborn diarrhea
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EPEC
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Haemophilus Aegyptus
what it looks like disease |
Gram - pleomorphic rods
• True "pink eye!' = red, swollen conjunctiva w / pus, looks like eyeball is falling out |
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Fusobacterium Necrophorum:
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Lemierre's syndrome: jugular vein thrombophlebitis
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only Gram - pleomorphic rod
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Haemophilus Influenza
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80% Non-typable: Haemophilus Influenza
diseases what is a satellite phenomenon what factors does it need to grow tx |
• #2 cause of sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia
• Satellite phenomenon: grows near Staph aureus Needs Factors V, X to grow • Tx: cefuroxime |
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20% Type B Haemophilus Influenza
describe its capsule diseases it causes |
has polysaccharide capsule: 5 carbon ribose
• Meningitis • Epiglottitis • Sepsis |
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Helicobacter Pylori
more common where why can it survive in the stomach |
: more common w/ poor sanitation
• Can survive acid pH b/c of urease: NH3 + HCl ⇨ NH4Cl |
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Klebsiella Pneumonia
what does its capsule cause? who is at risk for pneumonia? where can it be found location |
(capsule) => currant jelly sputum, UTI
• Also causes pneumonia (especialy -in alcoholics, DM, HIV) • Loves lung fissures, upper lobe cavitations |
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Proteus Mirabilis:
enzyme urine pH type of infection/stone type of growth tx |
(urease+) => NH4+ urine, swarming growth
• Struvite stones, UTI, • Tx: Norfloxacin |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: swimmers ear and presentation
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=> "swimmer's ear"= otitis externa
Pushing tragus = > pain, pus |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: foliculitis
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conjunctivitis, hot tub folliculitis
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa eats bone. Dx
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Cholesteatoma
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Ecthyma gangrenosum
pathogen describe pathogenesis |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
(necrotic blister): decrease EF-2 (like diphtheria) |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: pigment and smell, O2
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Gold & green pigments, anaerobic, grape-like smell
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Nail punctured sneakers, loves rubber
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa:
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Whirlpool folliculitis
pathogen describe |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: => butt crack and soles of feet infected
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Hospital plastic (48 hrs) => who does it attack
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attacks CF, DM, burn pt, neutropenic pts
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Malignant otitis extena
pathogen presentation complication |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: "red, swollen, tender, lifted ear" => kills rapidly
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Ecthyma granulosum
pathogen describe |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
black necrotic tense bullae (don't pop!) same enzymes as Staph |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa MOA
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ADP ribosylation of EF-2
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salmonella
how is it aquired? what does capsule do? where does it love to hide and tx osteomyelitis: who is at risk? |
raw chicken and eggs, turtles, has capsule => H2S
• Loves to hide in the gallbladder if treated (Shock Tx: Dexamethasone x 48hr) • Attacks sickle cell pts => osteomyelitis |
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most common samonella world wide
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• Salmonella Dysenteriae
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most common salmonella in US
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Salmonella Enteritidis
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Salmonella Typhi
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=> typhoid fever (rose spots, heart block, intestine "fire")
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Serratia Marcescens
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"marachino cherry" pigment
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Shigella
type of bacteria presentation pathogenesis toxin and does it causes |
(Gram - rod): day care outbreaks
infects M cells, destroys 60S ribosome• Shiga toxin=> seizures, loose stools a few days later |
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tx for shigella
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Tx: ciprofloxacin
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most common shigella in US
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Shigella Sonnei
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most common shigella in the world
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Shigella Dysenteriae
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Vibrio Cholera:
how is it acquired presentation MOA and tx |
poor sanitation=> rice water diarrhea (lose isotonic plasma)
Stimulates Gs via ADP-ribosylation => high cAMP Tx: WHO oral rehydration, tetracycline, Doxycycline |
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Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
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raw fish
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Vibrio Vulnificus:
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• Raw oysters, fisherman
• Cellulitis in swimmer.'s cuts; cuts while walking on the beach |
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Yersinia Enterocolitica:
presentation (3) tx |
presents like appendicitis
• Loves to attach to ileum=> mesenteric adenitis • Reiter's syndrome: "post-infectious arthritis" • Tx: Ciprofloxacin |
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Yersinia Pestis:
how is it acquired? location presentation management and tx |
rats and fleas =>Bubonic plague (New Mexico)
• Bubbo = infected lymph node, pus • Keep pt in strict isolation (Tx: streptomycin) |
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Francisella Tularensis:
type of bacteria name of disease how is it acquired sx tx |
(Gram- coccobacillus): rabbit ticks, deer ticks=> tularemia
• Sx: ulcers at tick bite site (skin, eyes) w/ draining lymph node • Tx: Streptomycin |
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Brucella:
type of bacteria who is at risk presentation |
Coccoid Rods
vets/farmers (from animal placentas) undulated fever (fever spikes 5x/ day) |
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Brucella abortus
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Coccoid Rods
cows = "killed the cows and ate it" |
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Brucella Suis
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Coccoid Rods
= pig "sooey" |
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Brucella Melitensis
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Coccoid Rods
= goats "Milly the goat" |
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Bordetella Pertussis
type of bacteria MOA diseases (2) |
(Gram - w/exotoxin)
• Inhibits Gi (ADP-ribosylates Gi) =>high cAMP • Lymphocytosis, rarely causes re-infection • whooping cough => suffocation |
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Bordetella Pertussis stages
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1) Catarrhal stage- mucus in lungs
2) Paroxysmal stage - "staccato" coughing 3) Convalescent stage- symptoms improve |
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Bordetella Pertussis:
type of bacteria test tx and management |
Coccoid Rods:
Test: Immunofluorescence (nasopharyngeal wash) Tx: Erythromycin (must treat family), DTP vaccine |
