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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what organs have resistance in series?
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liver and kidney
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what organs have resistance in parallel?
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all the rest
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what organ has the highest difference A-VO₂ at rest?
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heart
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what organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after excercise?
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muscle
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what organ has the highest A-VO₂ difference after meal?
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GI
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what organ has the highest A-VO2 difference during a test?
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brain
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what organ has the lowest A-VO2 difference?
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kidney
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where does type A thorasic aorta desection occur?
when does this occur? |
ascending aorta:
occurs in cystic medial necrosis syphilis |
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where does type B thorasic aorta dissection occur?
when do this occur? |
descending aorta: (occurs in trauma and artherosclerosis)
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layers of the true aortic aneurysm:
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intima, media and adventitia
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what layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occurs?
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intima and media
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what is pulse pressure?
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systolic-diastolic pressure
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what vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?
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aorta
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what vessels have the most smooth muscle?
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arterioles
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what vessel has the largest cross sectional area?
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capillaries
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what vessel have the highest capacitance?
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veins and venules
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what is your maximum heart rate?
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220-age
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what is stable angina?
what is it due to? |
pain with excertion
(artherosclerosis) |
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what is unstable angina?
what is it due to? |
pain at rest
transient clots |
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prinzmental's angina
what is it due to? |
intermittent pain: (coronary artery spasm)
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amylodosis
stain biopsy mngmnt |
stains congo red
apple-green bifringence echocardiogram |
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hemachromatosis triad:
why? |
Triad:
hyperpigmentation, arthritis and DM due to iron deposit in organs |
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what would be seen in cardiac tamponade:
chamber pressures vitals, precodium signs (2) |
pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers
quiet precordium no pulse or BP kussmaul's sign pulsus paradoxus (⇩>10 mm Hg with inpiration) |
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causes of a Transudate
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Effusion with mostly H₂O: heart failure and renal failure
Not enough protein: cirrhosis (can't make protein), nephrotic syndrome. |
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exudate
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Effusion with mostly protein
>>prulent (bacteria) >>hemorragic (trauma, cancer, PE) >>fibrinous (collagen, vascular disease, uremia and TB) >>granulomatous (non-bacterial) |
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what is systole?
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squish heart,
decrease blood flow to coronary artery more extraction of O₂ (phase 1 Korotkoff) |
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what is diastole?
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fill heart
increase blood flow to coronary artery less extraction of O₂ (phase 5 of Korotkoff) |
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what are the only arteries with deoxygenated blood?
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pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries
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what murmur has a waterhammer?
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AR
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what murmur has pulsus tardus?
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AS
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what cardiomyopathy has pulsus alterans
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dilated cardiomyopathy
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what disease has pulsus bigeminus?
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Idiopathic Hypertropic Subaortic Stenosis (IHSS)
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what murmur has an irregular irregular pulse?
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a-fib
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what murmur has regularly irregular pulse?
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PVC
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what sounds radiates to the neck?
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AS
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what sounds radiates to the axilla?
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MR
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what sounds radiates to the back?
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PS
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what disease has boot-shaped x-ray?
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right ventricular hyperthropy
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what disease has bananna shaped x-ray?
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IHSS
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what disease has egg shaped x-ray?
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transposition of great arteries
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what disease has a snowman shaped x-ray
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total anomalous pulmonary venous return
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what disease has a "3" shaped x-ray?
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coarctation of the aorta
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what is osler-weber-rendu?
what does this lead to? |
AVM in lung, gut and CNS ⇨ sequester ⇨ telangiectasias
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what is Von Hippel-Lindau?
cancer risk |
AVM in Head, retina ⇨ renal cell CA risk
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when do valves make noise?
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when valves close
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what valves make noise during systole?
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mitral and tricuspid
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what murmurs occur during systole?
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holosystolic, ejection murmur or click
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what are holosystolic murmurs?
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TR, MR or VSD
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what are the systolic ejection murmurs?
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AS, PS or HCM
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what valves makes noise during diastole?
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aortic and pulmonic
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describe the diastolic murmurs?
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blowing and rumbling murmurs
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what are the blowing murmurs?
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AR and PR
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what are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?
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MS and TS
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what are the continuous murmurs?
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PDA or AVMs
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what has a friction rub while breathing?
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pleuritis
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what has friction rub while holding breath
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pericarditis
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what does a mid systolic click tell you?
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mitral valve prolapse
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what does an ejection click tell you?
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A/P stenosis
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what does an opening snap tell you?
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M/T stenosis
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what does S₂ splitting tell you?
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Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)
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what does wide S₂ splitting tell you?
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⇧O2,⇧RV or delayed pulmonic valve opening
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what does fixed wide S₂ splitting tell you?
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ASD
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what does paradoxial S₂ splitting tell you?
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AS or left bundle branch block
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what is cor pulmonale? and what does it lead to?
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pulmonary HTN which leads to RV failure
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what is eisenmenger's?
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pulmonary HTN that leads to reverse L-R to R-L shunts
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etiology of transposition of great arteries?
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articopulmonary septum did not spiral
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what is teralogy of follow
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"PROVe"
Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular hyperthropy Overriding aorta Ventricular septal defect |
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pulmonary stenosis is associated with what symptoms?
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"tet spells"
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right ventricular hyperthropy on x-ray
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boot shaped heart
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overriding aorta
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aorta sits on IV septum over the VSD; pushes on PA
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ventricular septal defect is what kind of shunt?
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L to R shunts
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treatment of "tet spells" (6)
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O2, propanolol,phenylephrine
fluids, morphine knee chest position |
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what is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?
what would be seen on x-ray? |
snowman on x-ray
all pulmonary veins drain to RA |
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what is truncus arterious?
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spiral membrane did not developed which lead to on A/P trunk. mixed blood
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what is ebstein's anomaly?
mom's risk |
tricuspid prolapse
mom's Li increases risk |
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what can lithium do to mom?
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nephrogenic DI
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what is cinchonism
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hearing loss
tinnitus thrombocytopenia |
