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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Both chambers paced, only ventricle sensed, with inhibited beats
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DVI
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Atrium is paced, then paces the ventricle after a pre-set interval, disregarding any QRS complexes that may arise during this interval
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Committed
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Atrium is paced, then pacemaker waits a pre set period of time to allow spontaneous conduction, with inhibition of ventricular stimulus if beat is sensed
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Non-committed
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Committed and non-committed are subsets of ____ mode
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DVI
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Both chambers are paced, and both are sensed
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DDI
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Avoids inadvertent tracking of atrial tachydysrhythmias (prevents paroxysmal atrial dysrhythmias
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DDI
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____ pacing prevents high ventricular rates that could result from attempted tracking of the atrial arrhythmia, and it provides AV synchrony only when the atrium is paced
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DDI
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DDI- if there was no inhibition, it would just fire when set to. You would pass on the _____ to the ventricle and perhaps cause VT
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Atrial tach
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Vogue for pt's in heart failure, to increase their longevity
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Three chamber pacing
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Three chamber pacing allows to get that ______ from atrial kick
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10% of CO
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In three chamber pacing, you have ____ atrial, and ____ ventricular leads to improve EF
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1;2
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Three chamber pacing is so great for HF b/t the heart is big and floppy at that point and gets _____ b/c it is like beating into itself.
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Out of sync
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Also called cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) or biventricular pacing (BiV)
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Three chamber pacing
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Used to reduce outflow tract obstruction in HOCM and preserve AV synchrony in DCM
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Three chamber pacing
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HOCM
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Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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DCM
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Dilated cardiomyopathy
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The problem with HOCM is that the _____ can move into the path of the outflow tract
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Septal wall
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HOCM and DCM pt's often have an EF of less than
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30%
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Pacemaker indications include _____ diseases of impulse formation or conduction
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Symptomatic
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HOCM, DCM, long QT syndrome
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Pacemaker indications
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Invasive (direct) cardiac pacing, transvenous leads, Non-invasive (indirect) cardiac pacing, transesophageal pacing (TEP)
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Methods of temporary pacing
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Most reliable and preferred method for pts receiving cardiac surgery
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Invasive (direct) cardiac pacing
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Invasive (direct) cardiac pacing is usually via:
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Epicardial leads
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Only one lead touches the ventricle and the pacer-generator acts as the 2nd lead to complete the circuit
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Unipolar
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Two leads touch the ventricle
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Bipolar
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Most commonly bipolar, but may be multipolar, vary in degree of stiffness, some require guide wires for placement, most catheters used in anesthesia will be flow-directed (balloon tipped)
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Transvenous leads
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Transcutaneous pacing (TCP) is a form of
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Non-invasive (indirect) cardiac pacing
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Disadvantages: inability to obtain reliable capture in some pts, difficult of lead placement, failure to preserve AV synchrony
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TCP
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Pt's in whom reliable capture with TCP may be a problem:
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Pulmonary emphysema, hemo-pneumothorax, morbid obesity
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Failure of TCP to preserve AV synchrony can be a critical issue for pts with
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Impaired ventricular status
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