Pp Midterm

Front 1

easton's model

Back 1

IN demands--> system <--policy/decisions OUT

support-->

<------------------feedback----------*

(---------------------environment-----------------------)

Front 2

what does easton say about "each part"

Back 2

each part of the larger political canvas does not stand alone, it is understood with reference to the whole

Front 3

system must have ________ to keep it going

Back 3

continuing inputs

Front 4

what happens when there are no inputs?

Back 4

there is no work for the system

Front 5

what happens when there are no outputs?

Back 5

you can't identify work done by the systems

Front 6

what are the two inputs

Back 6

demand

support

Front 7

how does a system emerge?

Back 7

a system emerges when demands are being fully met

Front 8

where do demands arise?

Back 8

in the environment

within the system itself

Front 9

what kind of demand is from the environment?

Back 9

external

Front 10

what kind of demand is from within the system?

Back 10

internal

Front 11

where do environmental/external demands come from?

Back 11

culture

demography

ecology

economy

personality

social structure

Front 12

easton's definition of culture

Back 12

culture embodies the standards of value in a society

Front 13

how does culture relate to the political system according to easton

Back 13

culture can mark out areas of potential conflict when valued things are in short supply

Front 14

when do internal system demands emerge?

Back 14

when there is dissatisfcation about political relationships, how leaders are recruited, and/or how constitutions are amended

Front 15

what is the output of a political system

Back 15

a political decision or policy

Front 16

how is support related to policy

Back 16

support creates policies but policies can also affect support

Front 17

what are inputs in democratic countries?

Back 17

the people

Front 18

what are inputs in countries like south korea?

Back 18

military

Front 19

what are the steps of the policy analysis process?

Back 19

1. define and analyze problem

2. construct policy alternatives

3. develop evaluative criteria

4. assess the alternatives

5. draw conclusions

Front 20

what does the policy process model do?

Back 20

proposes a logical sequence of activities affecting the development of public policies

Front 21

what are the steps of the policy process model?

Back 21

1. agenda setting

2. policy formulation

3. policy legitimation

4. policy implementation

5. policy and program evaluation

6. policy change

Front 22

what is elite theory?

Back 22

how values and preferences of governing elites affect public policy development

Front 23

what does elite theory assume

Back 23

that values/preferences of the general public are less influential in shaping public policy than values/preferences of elites

Front 24

what kind of elites are there?

Back 24

economic

cultural

elected officials

Front 25

what does elite theory demonstrate?

Back 25

that the US policy making process may not be as democratic as many believe

Front 26

what is group theory?

Back 26

sees public policy as the product of a continuous struggle among organized interest groups

Front 27

what is another word for group theory

Back 27

pluralism

Front 28

how is power divided in group theory

Back 28

power in the US political system is widely shared among interest groups

Front 29

how do interest groups work amongst each other?

Back 29

some groups provide countervailing power to others

Front 30

what does balance ensure in group theory?

Back 30

balance helps to ensure that no one group dominates the policy process

Front 31

do all groups have equal access?

Back 31

groups with more money, access, prestige have more influence than others

Front 32

what does institutional theory focus on

Back 32

formal and legal aspects of government structure

how people within organizations relate to one another and to those in other organizations

Front 33

three focuses on institutional theory

Back 33

way governments are arranged

their rules for decision making

their legal powers

Front 34

what do structures and rules do?

Back 34

make a big difference in the kinds of policy that occur and which policy actors will be influential

Front 35

what is an institution?

Back 35

both the organizations and the rules used to structure patterns of interaction with and across organizations

Front 36

what does rational choice theory assume

Back 36

assumes that in making decisions, individuals are rational actors

Front 37

what do rational actors do?

Back 37

they seek to maximize attainment of their preference/further their self interest

Front 38

what is the goal of rational choice theory?

Back 38

to deduce or predict how individuals will behave under a variety on conditions

Front 39

what does rational choice explain?

Back 39

public policy in terms of the actions of self interested individual policy actors

Front 40

_______ is the same as _________

Back 40

political systems theory, easton

Front 41

what are the theories?

Back 41

elite

group
institutional

rational choice

political systems

Front 42

what is federalism

Back 42

a system of government where power is divided between national government and states

Front 43

when was dual federalism prevalent

Back 43

18th-19th century

Front 44

dual federalism

Back 44

little integration of two levels of government

Front 45

what did cooperative federalism start

Back 45

20th century

Front 46

cooperative federalism

Back 46

collaboration on policymaking between national and state

Front 47

public policy

Back 47

what public officials within government (and the citizens they represent) choose to do or not do about public problems

Front 48

policy context

Back 48

variables that shape the policy making process

Front 49

what are the reasons for government intervention

Back 49

political

moral/ethical

economics

Front 50

what does the judicial branch do?

Back 50

interpret

analyze

set precedents

Front 51

what does the executive branch do?

Back 51

enforce

sign into law

agenda making

Front 52

what does the legislative branch do?

Back 52

set agenda

filibuster

oversight

Front 53

what do critics say about group theory?

Back 53

group theory exaggerates the weight of groups, they are not actually that important

Front 54

define and analyze problem

Back 54

policy analysis process

gather basic info and identify cause

Front 55

construct policy alternatives

Back 55

policy analysis process

choose from possible actions, find creative ways to solve problems

Front 56

develop evaluative criteria

Back 56

policy analysis process

assess potential and effects

Front 57

assess the alternatives

Back 57

policy analysis process

which alternative should be considered most seriously

Front 58

draw conclusions

Back 58

policy analysis process

which policy is most desirable

Front 59

agenda setting

Back 59

policy process model

define problem and raise visibilitt

Front 60

policy formulation

Back 60

policy process model

develop course of action to solve problem

Front 61

policy legitimation

Back 61

policy process model

give legal force, authorization, and justification

Front 62

policy implementation

Back 62

policy process model

execution of policy

Front 63

policy and program evaluation

Back 63

policy process model

are policies/programs working?

Front 64

policy change

Back 64

policy process model

modify goals