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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do pregnant women get anemia?
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Dilutional effect (RBC rises 30% but volume rises 50%)
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What are the degrees of vaginal lacerations?
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1st degree: skin
2nd degree: Muscle 3rd degree: Anus 4th degree: rectum |
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What is vernix?
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Cheesy baby skin
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What is meconium?
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Green baby poop
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What is Lochia?
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Endometrial slough
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What is normal blood loss during vaginal delivery?
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500ml
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What is normal blood loss during a C-Section?
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1L
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How do you treat A2 Gestational DM?
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Insulin
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What are identical twins?
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Egg split into identical halves. Monochorionic
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What are fraternal twins?
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Multiple eggs fertilized by different sperm
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What is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
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Weight gain and enlarged ovaries after Clomiphene use
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Who makes the trophoblast?
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baby
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Who makes the cytotrophoblast?
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Mom (GnR, CRH, TRH, Inhibin)
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Who makes the synctiotrophoblast?
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Mom and baby (HCG, HPL)
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When does implantation occur?
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1 wk post fertilization
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When is Beta-HCG found in urine?
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2 wks after fertilization
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What are some effects of estrogen?
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Muscle relaxant
Constipation Increased protein production Irritability Varicose veins |
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What are some effects of progesterone?
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Increased appetite
Increased acne Dilutional anemia Quiescent uterus Pica Hypotension Melasma |
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What makes progesteron <10wks post fertilization?
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Corpus Luteum
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What makes progesterone >10wks post fertilization?
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Placenta
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What is the function of Beta-HCG?
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Maintains corpus luteum
Sensatizes TSHr to increase BMR (act hyperthyroid) |
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What makes beta HCG?
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Placenta
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How fast should Beta HCG rise?
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Doubles every 2 days until 10 weeks (when placenta is fully formed)
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What is the function of AFP?
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Regulates fetal intravascular volume
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What is the function of HPL
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Blocks insulin receptors so sugar stays high (increased baby stores)
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What is the function of Inhibin?
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Inhibits FSH (no menstruation)
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What is the function of Oxytocin?
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Milk ejection
Baby ejection |
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What is the function of cortisol in pregnancy?
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Decreases immune rejection of baby
Lung maturation |
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What are the thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy?
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Increased TBG (Increased bound T4, free T4 normal)
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When can you first detect fetal heart tones?
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20 weeks
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When can you first tell the sex of a fetus by ultrasound?
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Week 16
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What does an AFI <5 indicate?
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Oligohydramios (cord compression)
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What does an AFI >20 indicate?
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Polyhydramios (DM)
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How fast should fundal height change?
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Uterus grows 1cm/wk
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What is the pool test?
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Fluid in vagina
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What is ferning?
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Estrogen crystalizes on the slide
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What is nitrazine?
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Shows presence of amniotic fluid
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What is the risk of chorionic villus sampling?
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Fetal limb defects
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What is the risk of amniocentesis?
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Abortion (2% risk)
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What is a normal biophysical profile?
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>/= 8
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What is a biophysical profile?
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"Test the Baby, MAN"
Tones of the Heart Breathing Movement: BPD, HC, AC, FL AFI Non-Stress Test (normal=reactive) |
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What pelvis types are better for vaginal delivery?
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Gynecoid
Anthropoid |
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How do you predict a due date with Nagele's rule?
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9 months from last menses + 1 week
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Why is nagele's rule inaccurate?
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B/c it doesn't start from ovulation date
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How do you correct Nagele's rule for cycles >28 days?
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Add X days if cycle is X days longer
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How much weight should a pregnant woman gain?
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1lb/wk
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When should intercourse be avoided during pregnancy?
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3rd trimester b/c PG-F in semen may cause uterine contractions
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What is a Leopold Maneuver?
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1) Feel Fundus
2) Feel baby's back 3) Feel pelvis inlet 4) Feel baby's head |
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What is stage I of labor?
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Up to full dilation
Latent phase: (<20 hours): Contractions, up to 4cm dilation Active phase: (<12h): 4-10 cm dilation (1cm/hr) |
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What is pre-eclampsia?
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Ischemia to placenta (HTN>140/90) mild
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What is the treatment for pre-eclampsia?
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Delivery
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What is HELLP syndrome?
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Hepatic Injury Causing:
Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets |
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What is eclampsia?
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HTM + Seizures + Proteinuria + 20wks
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What are symptoms of eclampsia?
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H/A, Changes in vision, Epigastric pain
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What is the tx of Eclampsia?
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MgSO4
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What is chorioamnionitis?
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Fever
Uterine tenderness Decreased fetal HR |
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What are the symptoms of amniotic fluid emboli?
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Mom just delivered baby and has SOB, PE, death
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What is endometritis?
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Post-partum uterine tenderness
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What is an incomplete molar pregnancy?
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2 Sperm + 1 egg (69XXY)
Has embryo parts |
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What is a complete molar pregnancy?
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2 sperm + no egg (46XX both paternal)
No embryo parts |
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What is pseudocyesis?
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Fake pregnancy w/ all the signs and symptoms
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MCC of 1st trimester maternal death?
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Ectopic pregnancy
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MCC of 1st trimester spontaneous abortions?
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Chromosomal abnormalities
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MCC of 3rd trimester spontaneous abortions?
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Anti-cardiolipin ab
Placenta problems Infections Incompetent cervix |
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What is a threatened abortions?
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Cervix closed
baby intact Tx: Bed Rest |
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What is an inevitable abortion?
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Cervix open
Baby intact Tx: Cerclage (seq cervix shut until term) |
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What is an incomplete abortion?
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Cervix open
NO fetal remnants Tx: D&C to prevent placental infection |
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What is a complete abortion?
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Cervix open
No fetal remnants Test: beta-HCG |
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What is a missed abortion?
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Cervix closed
No fetal remnants Tx: D&C |
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What is a septic abortion?
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Fever>100
Malodorouos discharge |
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What is placenta previa?
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Post-coital bleeding
Placenta covers cervical os Ruptures placental arteries |
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What is vasa previa?
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Placenta vessel crosses the internal OS and gets damaged on AROM
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What is placenta accreta?
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Placenta attached to superficial lining
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What is placenta increta?
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Placenta invades into myometrium
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What is placenta abruptio?
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Severe pain
Premature separation of placenta |
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What is celamentous cord insertion?
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Fetal vessels insert between chorion and amnion
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What is a uterus rupture?
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Tearing sensation
Halt of delivery, head floating |
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What is an APT test?
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Detects HbG in vagina vs maternal blood (+ test>fetal blood)
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What is wright's stain?
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Detects nucleated fetal RBC in mom's vagina
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What is a kelihauer-Beteke test?
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Detects percent of fetal blood in maternal circulation (dilution test)
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