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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is mcCune albright syndrome? (4)
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precocious sexual development, holes of CT (lytic lesions),
"coast of maine" pigmented skin macules polyostitis fibrosa dysplasia |
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what does the seminal vesicles give to the sperm?
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fructose (food) and semen (clothing)
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what bulbourethral = cowper's gland secrete? why?
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bicarbonate to neutralize lactobacilli
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what does prostate secrete?
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prostate "HAZ" it.
Hyaluronidaze acid phosphatase zinc |
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what is capacitation rxn?
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zinc is peeling off the semen
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what is acrosomal rxn?
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sperm release enzymes to eat away into the corona radiata
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what is crystalization rxn?
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the sperm releases a compound that crystalizes around the egg so it cannot be fertilized by other sperm (polyspermy)
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where does testosterone comes from?
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adrenals and testicles
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where does DHT comes from?
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from the testicles at puberty
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what is a pseudohermaprodite?
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external genitalia problem
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what is a true hermaphrodite
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has both sexes, internal genitalia problem
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what is female hermaphrodite
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not possible, female is defult
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what is female pseudohermaphrodite? what is the cause of this
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CAH: 21 hydroxylase deficiency
XX with low 21-OHase => high testosterone |
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what is male hermaphrodite?
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XY no MIF
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what is male pseudohermaphrodite? why?
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XY that has 17-OHase => low testosterone
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what is hirsutism?
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hairy
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what is virilization?
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man like
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what is testicular feminization = androgen insensitivity syndrome
presentation |
bad DHT receptor => XY with blind pouch vagina
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what is cryptochordism?
what is the child at risk for? |
undescended testes >15 months = infertility
seminomas |
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which stage of the mestrual cycle has the highest estrogen levels? and describe its endothelium
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follicular stage ( has proliferative endothelium)
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what stage of the mestrual cycle has the highest temparature
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ovulation stage
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what stage of the menstrual cycle has the higest progesterone levels? describe its endothelium
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luteal phase (secretory endothellium)
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what form of estrogen has the highest form in menopause? what is it made from?
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E₁: estrone (made by fat)
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what form of estrogen has the highest form in middle age female?
what is it made from? |
E₂: estradiol (made by ovaries)
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what form of estrogen has the highest form in pregnancy? what is it made from?
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E₃: estriol (made by placenta)
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4 states that have increase estrogen?
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pregnancy
liver failure obesity p450 inhibition "ID SMACK Quin" |
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what is adenomyosis?
describe |
endometrium invading into the myometrium
--> uterus becomes boggy and enlarged with cystic areas |
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what does DES taken by mom cause in her daughter? presentation of a pt exposed to DES with adenomyosis?
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recurrent abortions
clear cell vaginal/cervical carcinoma adenomyosis--> menorrahgia |
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what is kallman syndrome?
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no GnRH and can"t smell (anosmia)
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what is PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)? what is the pathophysiology?
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⇒cannot ovulate: has numerous cystic areas --> no progesterone
⇒ unopposes estrogen from continuous secretion of LH --> increase risk of endometrial carcinoma and can have hirsutism, obesity and acne |
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what is savage syndrome
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ovaries are resistant to LH/FSH
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what is turner's syndrome (XO)
hormone levels (2) pathogenesis in the reproductive system |
ovarian dysgenesis
low estradiol, increase FSH |
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describe progesterone challenge test
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bleeding --> has estrogen
no bleeding --> she has no estrogen or ovaries then check FSH FSH increased -> ovarian problem FSH is decreased --> pituitary problem |
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what is sheehan syndrome?
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too much bleeding post partum
--> infraction of the pitutary gland, hyperplasia --> cannot lactate |
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what is asherman's syndrome?
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previous D&C--> uterine scars
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what is oligomennorrhea?
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too few periods
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what is polymenorrehea?
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too many periods
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what is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleeding in child bearing age?
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cervical cancer
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what is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleeding in pregnant women?
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placenta previa
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what is the most common cause of post coital vaginal bleeding post-menopausal women?
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endometrial cancer
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what is chronic pelvic pain?
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endometriosis until proven otherwise
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what is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
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usually due to anovulation. diagnosis of exclusion
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what is dysmenorrhea?
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painful menstrual cramps due to PG-F. teenager cannot go to school or work
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what is endometriosis?
what would be seen? pathogenesis |
painful heavy cyclic menstrual bleeding
chocolate cyst, powder burns this is due to ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus |
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what is klein regnung?
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scant bleeding during ovulation
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what is menorrhagia
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heavy menstrual bleeding
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fibroids
what else is it called? describe 2 types and presentation for each |
leiomyoma
benign smooth muscle turmor of the uterus submucosal: bleeding subserosal: painful |
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what is metorrhagia?
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bleeding between periods
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what is mittelschmerz
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pain at ovulation
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what causes syphillis?
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teponema pallidum (spirochete)
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what is herpes genetic compound?
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DS DNA virus
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what is HPV?
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DS DNA virus
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what is chlamydia?
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obligate intracellular bacteria
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what is gonorrhea on a slide?
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gram (-) diplococci
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what is chancroid?
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H. ducreyi
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what causes lymphgranuloma venerum?
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chlamydia tricomatis
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what causes lymphogranuloma inguinale?
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c. granulomatosis
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what cause epididymitis in a young person?
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chlamydia
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what is condyloma lata?
what disease is it associated with? |
fresh, flat warts that ulcerate
secondary syphillis |
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condyloma acuminata
pathogen presentation (4) |
HPV 16,11
koilocytes, cauliflower," verrucous" warts |
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how does herpes present?
primary: secondary: |
primary: painful group clear vesicles on red base
secondary: painful solitary lesions |
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how does syphillis present?
primary secondary terciary |
primary: 1-6 weeks: painless chancre
secondary: 6 weeks: rash on the palms and soles, condyloma lata tertiary: 6 years: bone, neuro and cardiac |
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how does chancroid present?
gram stain |
painful w/ necrotic center
"school of fish pattern", gram (-) rods |
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how does lymphogranuloma venerum present?
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painless ulcers -->abscess nodes--> genital elephantiasis
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how does granuloma inguinale present?
test pathopneumonic structure |
ulcers that spread
donovan bodies granulation test |
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how does chlamydia present?
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conjuctivitis, cervicits (yellow pus) and PID
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how does gonorrhea present?
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arthritis, urethral discomfort, palmar pustules
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what is epididymitis?
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unilateral scrotal pain and it gets better with elevation
(pain decreases with support) |
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what causes congenital blindness?
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CMV
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what causes neonatal blindness?
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chlamydia
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what is lichen simplex chronicus
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raised white lesions, chronic scratching
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what is lichen sclerosis?
presentation risk |
paper like vulva, itching, cancer risk
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what is hidradenoma?
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sweat gland cyst
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what is paget's disease of the breast
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breast cancer, rash and ulcer around the nipple
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what is lobular carcinoma
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cells line up in single file, primary and contralateral
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what is comedocarcinoma?
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multiple focal areas of necrosis. "black heads"
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what is inflammatory carcinoma?
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"peau d" orange". lymphatic infiltrate, pulls on cooper's ligaments. breast cancer
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what is cystosarcoma phylloides?
prognosis |
exploding mushroom, firm, movable rubbery and
good prognosis |
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what is intraductal papilloma
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bleeding nipple, most common breast cancer
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what is ductal carcinoma?
prognosis |
worse prognosis of breast cancer
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what is sarcoma botyroides?
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vaginal cancer, ball of grapes
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what is a sister mary joseph nodule?
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ovarian tumor metastisized to the umbilicus
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what is meig's syndrome?
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pleural effusion, ascites, ovarian fibroma
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what are the side effects of estrogen?
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headache, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness and weight gain
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what are the side effects of progesterone?
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acne, depression and HTN
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what are the non-bacterial fetal infections?
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ToRCHS
Toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes, syphillis |
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What is the T in ToRCHS?
CT scan how is it acquired? part of the brain |
toxoplasmosis:
multiple ring enhancing lesions cat urine peraital lobe |
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What is the R in ToRCHS? describe (6)
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rubella:
"blueberry muffin" rash, cataracts, PDA, hearingloss, meningoencephalitis pneumonia |
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What is the C in ToRCHS? describe
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CMV: central calcifications, blindness, spastic dysplesia and hepatomegally
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What is the H in ToRCHS?
describe what does it need? |
Herpes: hemorragic temporal encephalitis, need C/S prophylaxis
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What is the S in ToRCHS? describe (4)
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syphillis: rhagade"s (lip fissures), saber shins, mulberry molars, hutchison's teeth
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