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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NATIONAL INTEREST |
- Commonly guides the interaction between states. - Justifies policy preferences, used as a tool to identify the goals or objectives of foreign policy - At the root of National Interest is the principle of national security and survival of the nation-state. |
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PRAGMATISM |
School of thought in which foreign policy is influenced above all else by practical and pragmatic consideration, as opposed to moral principles. |
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HARD POWER |
Power exercised through coercion, or threatened acts of coercion, to influence the actions of other global actors. - More tangible, faster results - Military & economic power. |
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SOFT POWER |
Ability to shape the actions of other global actors, most commonly exercised through diplomacy, culture, policies and history.
"Influenced by virtue of cultural attraction and ideology that shapes another's preferences" |
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CHINA'S NATIONAL INTEREST SECESSION & TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY |
- 8.1% (100m) Chinese citizens are of different ethnic groups - Ethnic groups seeking independence and challenging autonomy of Beijing - Could undermine legitimacy/power of government - Encourages other regions to break away from China - Beijing's NI to prevent any region from seeking/obtaining/declaring independence |
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CHINA'S NATIONAL INTEREST ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT |
- Economy and trade has grown rapidly - Growth rate exceeds any other in the region - Maintain strong trade relations with other countries to 'further pursue economic & technical cooperation with rest of world.' Rapid growth relies on expanding trade. - Concerns include disparity of wealth (10% pop hold 45% wealth), lack of transparency in political system (corruption costs 86b p.a.), ageing population, environment issues (causing 750,000 deaths p.a.), rising unemployment. |
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CHINA'S NATIONAL INTEREST HARMONIOUS SOCIETY |
- Social tensions: inadequate social security & welfare system, government seizure of land, inflation, vocal public outrage, environment pollution, secessionist claims, unemployment, unequal development between regions & official corruption, incompetence & negligence - Led to China's desire to create harmonious society - If left could derail government and its authority. Own government position is threatened.
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CHINA'S NATIONAL INTEREST PEACEFUL RISE |
- Superpower status to facilitate growing/further developing economy - Alloy fears that they're threatening/damaging Western interests - Involvement in international institutions and practices - Careful not to seem 'soft' to internal separatist groups - Effective? Vetoing US decisions, human rights, press freedoms, support of North Korea, claim of airspace Japan/Sino islands. Makes peaceful rise questionable - US power in mind. Indicates China is not prepared to challenge US military. |
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CHINA'S POWER ASSETS |
- MILITARY: China's military is growing and more money is being spent. Continues to modernise both its military forces and amphibious assault capabilities - ECONOMY: Rapid growth, increased trade with states. inc. holding off trade when disagreement occurs. - DIPLOMACY: UN power. Has veto in UNSC - GEOGRAPHY: Size of China/population makes China threat in region |
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CHINA'S POWER DEFICITS |
- POLITICAL SYSTEM: Communist party isn't popular amongst neighbouring countries/ puts strain on relationship with US - ENVIRONMENT: Pollution causing 750000 deaths per year. Air pollution affecting other states air/water supplies. - SOCIETY: unattractive due to number of people in regional areas living in poverty. Unemployment rate increasing and ageing population due to one child policy. |
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CHINA / TAIWAN CHINA P.O.V |
- Part of China's 'century of humiliation' (final unreclaimed territory) - KMT claimed legitimate leadership of China throughout Civil War from Taiwan - Adversaries could utilise against China (i.e. US with Cuba) - Taiwan's partial separation encourages other regions - Taiwan as source and route for foreign capital important - Nationalism/ Patriotism: justify legitimacy and power of Communist Party |
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CHINA / TAIWAN TAIWAN P.O.V |
- Only been part of mainland for short period of time in C20th - Taiwan has adopted liberal democratic system - Personal liberties diminished by China - Vast majority identifying as Taiwanese/ Taiwanese-Chinese - Sovereignty could undermined Taiwan's economic success |
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CHINA / TAIWAN TAIWAN POLITICS |
- Major political parties all agree on not joining China - DPP seeks full independence & political sovereignty - KMT aims to be a part of united 'democratic' China - 2 minor parties supporting each side |
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CHINA / TAIWAN US POSITION |
- Strategic Ambiguity: Will not clarify whether they would or would not come to Taiwan's aid. TAIWAN RELATIONS ACT: - Recognises One China - Reunification must occur peacefully - US sells Taiwan weapons of defensive nature. |
