Power And Politics

Front 1

Anti globalisation movements

Back 1

Attac and occupy

Front 2

Globalisation

Back 2

The process by which businesses or other organisations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale

Front 3

Anti globalisation

Back 3

Opposition to the increase in global power and influence of businesses, especially multi national corporations. Individuals and groups that oppose the aspects of globalisation

Front 4

Factors that affect voting behaviour

Back 4

Short term - image of party leader, single issue voting

Long term factors - Geography, age, ethnicity, gender

Front 5

Types of pressure groups

Back 5

- Cause or promotional groups

- Interest or sectional groups

- Insider

- Outsider

Front 6

Cause or promotional groups

Back 6

Open membership from the public, they promote a cause which is concerned with protecting the environment

Front 7

Interest or sectional groups

Back 7

Open only to certain people, like members of trade union

Front 8

Insider groups

Back 8

Close links with the government, give advice and be consulted prior to legislation which may affect that group

Front 9

Outsider group

Back 9

Take action of which the government disapproves. Organisations like green peace often engage in civil disobedience or direct action in order to reinforce their point.

Front 10

Marxist theories of the state

Back 10

Emphasis that liberal state enslaves majority men of society for the realisation of its aims.

Marx and Engels - said state is the political power that is the organised power of one class for oppressing another

Instrumental Marxists - Ralph Miliband claims the state Is controlled by the ruling bourgeoisie, and the state is manned by an elite who represents the interests of capitalism

Structural Marxists - Poulantzas argues that social background of elites isn't important and the state represents the interests of capitalism because it is shaped by structures in society

Hegemonic Marxists - Antonio Gramsci suggests the mass of people consent to the state maintaining capitalis because the state is managed In a hegemonic way

ALL MARXISTS AGREE THAT THE STATE SERVES THE INTERESTS OF THE DOMINANT CLASS

Front 11

New social movements

Back 11

Loosely organised political movements that have emerged since the 1960's

Front 12

Old social movements

Back 12

Refers to older and more established political organisations, such as the socialist movements, or organisations representing working class alliances, such as trade unions or employers association. Focus on bringing economic change

Front 13

Pressure group

Back 13

Organisation that tries to influence public policy in the interest of a particular cause. Doesn't put candidates up for election

Front 14

Lobbying

Back 14

Attempt made by such a group to influence policy makers into adopting a particular course of action that will be beneficial to their cause

Front 15

Theories of the state

Back 15

Max weber - defines state as a human community that claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of a physical force within a give territory

Andrew Heywood - sovereign, legitimate, can use force and violence, governs a defined geographical area, institutions are public and responsible for enforcing collective decisions

Front 16

Pluralist theory of the state

Back 16

Weathervane model - state policy is directed by public opinion and pressure groups

Neutral state model - state seen as impartial referee between competing interest groups

Broker state model - state has its own agenda but its main role is to broker deals

- Dahl, Dunleavy and O'Leary

Front 17

Marxist theory of the state

Back 17

Instrumentalists (Miliband) - state rule in the interests of the ruling class because state officials and elite members share the same background

Structuralism (Poulantzas) - state supports capitalism because it is the part of the embedded structure of society

Hegemonic (Gramsci) - state maintains capitalism rule through power of ideas

Front 18

New right theory of the state

Back 18

1. Intervenes too much in the economy and distorts the market

2. interferes too much in the lives of citizens

3. creates dependency culture through benefit systems

4. seeks to roll back the frontiers of the state through privatisation

Front 19

Voter apathy

Back 19

apathy (lack of caring) among voters in an election. Voter apathy or lack of interest is often cited as a cause of low turnout among eligible voters in jurisdictions where voting is optional

Front 20

Communism

Back 20

Karl Marx - father of communism

1. Primitive communism - humans first lived together, sharing everything

2. Feudalism - king becomes ruler over all people, gives land to nobles and keeps everyone uneducated

3. Capitalism - business owners get richer and capitalists get more power, capitalism creates a huge working class

4. Socialism - rulers and kings got rid of, workers take control, ideas spread across world

5. Communism - remaining capitalists put up a fight, everyone works together, war is a thing of the past

Front 21

Democracy

Back 21

Rules by the people

Front 22

Types of democracy

Back 22

1. Direct / classical or participatory democracy - all public decisions are taken by all citizens. Rules by the people

2. Liberal or representative democracy - leaders elected represent the views of citizens. Rule for the people

3. One party of totalitarian democracy - one party is seen as representing the overall will of society and ctizens elect representatives from ruling party