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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What r the 2 aims of the body to maintines balance |
-by stabilizing the trunk during movement -ensures center on gravity is within base of support |
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What is a vestibular sensory input |
It's a structure in the inner ear which gives information of movement of ur head |
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What r the 3 sensory inputs involved in balance |
Vestibular Visual Somatosensory |
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Describe the structure of the vestibular |
It's a fluid filled cavity lind with cilia in the inner ear |
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Angular acceleration distorts the cilia what kind of movements cause this |
Flection, extension and rotation of the neck |
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The vestibular and reticulospinal pathways import info into what part of the brain |
The cerebellum |
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The vestibular and neck reflexes work together 2 do what |
Stablaises the head and eyes |
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What is Somatosensory input |
It's posterale information delivered from sensory nurions primary in the limbs |
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What r the 3 types of sensory nurions which provides information for somatosensory input |
Cutaneous Joint Muscle spindles |
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When do joint sensory nurions provide the most information |
At the end of rang of the movement |
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True or false u need all 3 kinds of sensory input 2 maintain balance |
False tho u will normally be less stable with only 1 or 2 working |
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True or false u can reach further when seated if ur feet r off the floor |
False u can reach further when u r more stable |
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Name 2 scores which can challenge ur balance |
Internal External factors |
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What r internal challenges that effects balance |
Ur body may sway 2 compensate for internal movements of its organs |
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What r external factors that challenge ur balance |
Extera force which may shift ur base of support or center of mass |
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Name the 3 primary cause of loss of balance |
-Active movement of patient -external force acting on the body -loss of attention |
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What r the 3 main response 2 maintain of balance |
Ankle strategy Hip strategy Rescue reaction (e.g stepping) |
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When balance is changed what order r muscles activated in 2 compensate |
Distal -> proximal |
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What muscle activated to manage forward sway |
Muscles in the posterior trunk and legs |
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What muscle r activated 2 manage backwards sway |
Anterior muscles of the leg and trunk |
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When is a rescue reaction required |
If the center of gravity moves out with the base of support |
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If the rescue reactions cannot prevent loss of balance what does it now come responsible for |
Protecting the body during a fall |
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Give reasons for older adults having worsening balance |
-Slower reflexes -reduced force production Altered ROM -less accurate sensory inputs |
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Explain y older adults have reduced reaction times |
Decrease conduction velocity of nurions |
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What is posterale control |
Controlling the bodies position in space for dual purpose of stability and orangtion |
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What is posterale orientation |
Is the ability 2 maintain the appropriate alignment if the body segments |
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What is posterale stability |
The ability of the body 2 maintains the center of mass within a base of support |
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What is the balance control mechanism |
It's rh control of the bodies position during movement and maintaining stability and oration |
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What does maintenance of balance control allow |
Allows Use 2 c clearly while moving -determines direction and speed of movement |
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Name the 3 factors the create a stable balance |
Center of mass COM Base of support Line of gravity |
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What is extrinsic stability |
When the line of gravity remains with in the center of mass |
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What is the limit of stability |
The maximum distance u can lean in any direction without altering BOS |
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What is the role of afferent nurons |
It transports signal's back it the brain Think afed of a ship is the back |
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What is the role of efferent nerves in balance |
Motor control |
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What r the components of sitting balance |
Mantance and adjustment of pouster Equal weight distribution |
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What neurological impairments affects sitting balance |
Spacticacy Abnormal muscle control |
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What sensory insures effect balance 2 |
Paresis Impaired sensory info |
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In relation 2 standing balance what does the S's in STARS stand for |
Standing alignment Sensory system |
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What does the T in STARS stand for |
Tone (suffeent posteral tone ) |
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What does the A in STARS stand for |
Attention |
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What does the R in STARS stand for |
Reactions (in maintaining stability |
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What is cerebral palsy |
Permanent disorder of development of movement and posture that occurres from infancy |
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True or false is cerebral palsy a progressive condition |
It's a non-progressive condition |
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Y is cerebral palsy a disorder |
Due to it disrupting the normal development of the child |
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What's the most common motor disorder of children |
Cerebral palsy |
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What are the four main pregnancy risk for developing cerbal palsy |
Premature births Twins Fetal growth restrictions Placenta abnormalities |
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What infections can increase the risk of developing cerbal palsy |
Amniotic infections Rhesus desie |
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What r the 3 main signs used 2 diagnosis cerebral palsy |
Abnormal movement Developmental delays Abnormal posture |
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What are the 3 sub types of cereal palsy |
Spastic Duskinetic Ataxic |
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What are topographical classification of cerbal palsy |
It's the region of the body affect by cerbal palsy |
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What are the 2 kinda of unilateral cereal palsy |
Monoplegia Hemiplegia |
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What are the different types of bilateral cereal palsy |
Diplegia Tripligia Quadriplegia |
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What is the most common type of cerbal palsy |
Spastic at 70-80% |
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What is spastic serbral plasy |
Muscle weakness and tightness of all for limbs along with speech impairments |
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What are the positive YNML features of cerbal plasy |
Spacticacy Hyperreflexia Co-contratcion |
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What r the negative UMNL features of cerbal palsy 3 |
Reduced force production Poor motor control Sensory impairment ls |
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What is co-contratcion |
Decreased inhibition of muscle contractions leading 2 poor motor control |
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What are the 2 main gate patterns of people with cerbal palsy |
Crouch gait Scissoring gait |
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What are the main signs of cough gait 2 |
Toes walking Excessive hip and knee ecctetion |
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What are the signs of sciorring gait |
Knees and thighs are very close together or crossing over |
