Posterior Leg And Plantar Foot

Front 1

What nerve innervates the the muscles of the posterior leg?

Back 1

Tibial Nerve (L5,S1,S2)

Front 2

What are the muscles of the posterior leg?

Back 2

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris

Front 3

Where to the two heads of the gastocnemius originate from?

Back 3

Medial and Leteral condyles

Front 4

Where does the gastocnemius insert?

Back 4

Tuberosity of the calcaneus part of Achilles tendon

Front 5

What is the action of the Gastrocnemius?

Back 5

Plantarflexes and knee flexion

Front 6

What is the origin and insertion of the Soleus?

Back 6

Ori: Proximal shaft of the tibia and fibula
Ins: on Achilles tendon

Front 7

What muscles form the triceps surae?

Back 7

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Front 8

What is the action of the Soleus?

Back 8

Strong plantarflexor of the foot

Front 9

What is the origin and insertion of Plantaris?

Back 9

Ori: Lateral condyle
Ins :Achilles tendon

Front 10

What is the action of Plantaris?

Back 10

Plantarflexor

Front 11

What seperates the deep muscle group of the posterior leg from the more superficial ones?

Back 11

Transverse intermuscular septum

Front 12

What are the deep muscle group of the posterior leg?

Back 12

Popleteus, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior

Front 13

What is the origin, insertion and action of Popliteus?

Back 13

Origin:Lateral condyle and lateral meniscus of the knee joint
Insertion:Proximal posterior surface of tibia
Action:weak flexor of the knee and more important medial rotator

Front 14

What is the origin, insertion and action of Flexor hallucis longus?

Back 14

Origin:Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of the big toe
Action: Plantarflexes the hallux and foot and week invertor of the foot

Front 15

What is the origin, insertion and action of Flexor digitorum longus?

Back 15

Origin: Tibia
Insertion: base of distal phalanges 2-5
Action: plantaflexes toes and week plantarflexor of foot

Front 16

Why is the popliteus important?

Back 16

It is a medial rotator and important in unlocking the knee joint from extension

Front 17

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action of the Tibialis posterior?

Back 17

Origin: Interosseous membrane
Insertion: tuberosity of the navicular with fibrous expansions to the cuneiform and bases of middle metatarsals
Action: Strong invertor of the foot

Front 18

What muscles/tendons, nerves and artery pass through the flexor retinaculum?

Back 18

"Tom, Dick and Harry"
Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus. Tibial nerve and posterior tibial Artery

Front 19

What condition arises from the compression/pressure of the tibial nerve? Where is the location that this can occur

Back 19

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome, Flexor retinaculum

Front 20

What are some of the symptoms of Tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Back 20

pain and numbness of the sole of the foot

Front 21

What are the attachment points of the flexor retinaculum?

Back 21

medial malleolus and medial surface of the calcaneus

Front 22

What is the name of the condition that causes microscopic tears of collagen fibers due to repetitive use of calcaneal/achilles tendon?

Back 22

Tendinitis

Front 23

What are the symptoms of tendinitis of the calcaneal/ achilles tendon?

Back 23

pain at the pack of the heel during walking

Front 24

What nerve gives rise to the lateral sural cutaneous nerve?

Back 24

Fibular N./peroneal N

Front 25

What nerve gives rise to the medial sural cutaneous nerve?

Back 25

Tibial N

Front 26

What nerves form the sural nerve? what does it innervate?

Back 26

formed from the lateral and medial sural cutaneous nerve
Cutaneous innervation to the distal posterolateral leg, lateral ankle and lateral foot

Front 27

Where does the sciatic nerve split to give off the tibial nerve?

Back 27

Above the popliteal fossa

Front 28

At the foot what are the branches of the tibial Nerve?

Back 28

Medial and Lateral plantar branches

Front 29

what artery travels alongside with the tibial nerve?

Back 29

Posterior Tibial Artery

Front 30

What are the divisions of the posterior tibial artery when it enters the foot?

Back 30

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Front 31

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

Back 31

popliteal vein

Front 32

what is the thickened central fascia of the sole of the foot called?

Back 32

Plantar aponeourosis

Front 33

What compartments does the plantar aponeourosis divide the foot into?

Back 33

central, medial and lateral compartments

Front 34

What muscles are contained in the central, medial and lateral compartment of the foot?

Back 34

Medial: abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis
Lateral: Abductor and flexor digiti minimi brevis
Central:lumbricals, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, plantar interossei, dorsal interossei,

Front 35

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Abductor hallucis?

Back 35

Origin:Calcaneal tuberosity
Inserts:Medial side of the hallucial proximal phalanx
Action: Abducts the big toe
Inervation: medial plantar nerve

Front 36

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Flexor digitorum brevis

Back 36

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Middle phalanges pf the lateral four toes
Action: Plantarflexes toes
Innervation: medial plantar N

Front 37

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Abductor digiti minimi

Back 37

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit
Action: abducts and flexes little toe
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Front 38

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Quadratus plantae?

Back 38

Origin: arises from two heads from the calcaneus and long plantar ligament
Insertion: into tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Action: Aids longus in flexing distal phalanges of lateral four toes
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve

Front 39

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of lumbricals?

Back 39

Origin: four muscle bellies arise from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: extensor expansions
Action: flexes MP joint and extends IP joint
Innervation: first lumbrical medial plantar nerve and lateral 3 lumbricals by Lateral plantar nerve

Front 40

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Flexor Hallucis brevis?

Back 40

Origin: cuboid and lateral cuneiform and divides into two bellies
Insertion: onto the medial and lateral sides of the hallucial proximal phalanx
Action: Flexes big toe
Innervation: proper digital nerve of the medial plantar

Front 41

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Back 41

Origin: from the base of the fifth metatarsal
Insertion: on the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx
Action: Flexes pinky
Innervation: Superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 42

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of adductor hallucis

Back 42

Origin: arises from bases of middle three metatarsals(oblique head) and deep transverse metatarsal ligament (transverse head)
Insertion: Lateral edge of hallucial proximal phalanx
Action: Adducts big toe
Innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

Front 43

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Plantar Interossei

Back 43

Pad- adduct
Origin: three muscles from medial sides of metarsals 3-5
Insertion: proximal phanges of same digits
Action: adducts toes
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve -superficial and deep branches

Front 44

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of Dorsal interossei

Back 44

Dab (abduct)
Origin: four muscles arising from two heads from adjacent metatarsals 1-5
Insertion: proximal phalanges 2-4
Action: Abducts toes
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve -superficial and deep branches

Front 45

from what nerve does the heel receive cutaneous innervation?

Back 45

calcaneal cutaneous branches from the tibial and sural nerves

Front 46

what does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

Back 46

motor branches to abductor hallucis , flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the first lumbrical
Then divides into three sensory branches that affect the region medial to the midline of the fourth toe

Front 47

what does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

Back 47

motor to quadratus plantae and abductor digiti minimi then further divides into superficial and deep branches with the superficial supplying the flexor digiti minimi and deep supplying the interossei, adductor hallucis and lateral three lumbricals and send cutaneous branches to the 5th and lateral part of the 4th digits

Front 48

what nerves of the foot is similar to the median and ulnar nerves of the hand

Back 48

Ulnar: lateral plantar nerve
Median: Medial plantar nerve

Front 49

what nerve provides motor branches to abductor hallucis , flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the first lumbrical Then divides into three sensory branches that affect the region medial to the midline of the fourth toe

Back 49

medial plantar nerve

Front 50

what nerve gives a motor innervation to quadratus plantae and abductor digiti minimi then further divides into superficial and deep branches with the superficial supplying the flexor digiti minimi and deep supplying the interossei, adductor hallucis and lateral three lumbricals and send cutaneous branches to the 5th and lateral part of the 4th digits

Back 50

lateral plantar nerve

Front 51

what artery passes between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis and supplies the medial sole then along the medial border of the 1st toe to anastomose with the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery?

Back 51

Medial Plantar Artery

Front 52

what is the course/supply of the Medial Plantar Artery?

Back 52

passes between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis and supplies the medial sole then along the medial border of the 1st toe to anastomose with the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

Front 53

What artery courses with the lateral plantar nerve and then with the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve to form the plantar arterial arch.

Back 53

the Lateral plantar artery

Front 54

what is the course/supply of the Lateral plantar artery?

Back 54

courses with the lateral plantar nerve and then with the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve to form the plantar arterial arch.

Front 55

What arch anastomoses medially with the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis?

Back 55

Plantar arterial arch

Front 56

What nerve can be compressed as it passes deep to the flexor retinaculum?

Back 56

Medial Plantar Nerve

Front 57

What causes joggers foot? what are the symptoms?

Back 57

compression of the medial plantar nerve as it passes deep to the flexor retinaculum.
Produces pain and numbness along the medial half of the sole of the foot

Front 58

What could potentially happen if you have a puncture wound in the sole of the foot?

Back 58

It can sever the deep plantar arch resulting in severe bleeding