Posterior Abdominal Wall

Front 1

Where are the muscles of the posterolateral abdominal wall?

Back 1

Dorsal to the parietal peritoneum of abdominal cavity

Front 2

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

Back 2

psoas major & minor, iliacus, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis, diaphragm

Front 3

Where does psoas major attach?

Back 3

vetebral bodies T12-L4
Transverse processes T12-L5
Femur (lesser trochanter)

Front 4

What is the action of psoas major?

Back 4

Flex thigh
Flex column laterally
Flex the trunk

Front 5

What innervates psoas major?

Back 5

L1-L4 ventral rami

Front 6

Where does the Quadratus Lumborum attach?

Back 6

iliac crest, iliolumbar lig
12th rib
transverse processes L1-L4

Front 7

What is the action of Quadratus Lumborum?

Back 7

Fixes 12th rib during inspiration
Extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column

Front 8

What innervates the Quadratus Lumborum?

Back 8

T12-L4

Front 9

Where does the iliacus attach?

Back 9

Iliac fossa
Femur (lesser trochanter)

Front 10

What is the action of the iliacus?

Back 10

Flexes thigh & stabilizes hip joint
Acts with psoas major

Front 11

What innervates the iliacus?

Back 11

Femoral nerve

Front 12

Where does the Diaphragm attach?

Back 12

sternum, costal margin, ribs 11 & 12, vertebral bodies L1-L3
Central tendon

Front 13

What is the action of the diaphragm?

Back 13

Inspiration, pulls central tendon down,increases volume of thorax, helps blood return to heart

Front 14

What nerve innervate the diaphragm?

Back 14

Phrenic, intercostals t5-t11, subcostal

Front 15

What are the structures of the diaphragm that the aorta passes through?

Back 15

The left and right crus
Median arcuate lig

Front 16

What part of the diaphragm is over psoas major?

Back 16

Medial arcuate lig

Front 17

What part of the diaphragm is over quadratus lumborum?

Back 17

Lateral arcuate ligament

Front 18

At what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

Back 18

T12

Front 19

What is the name of the opening where the aorta comes through?

Back 19

Aortic Hiatus

Front 20

What other structure pass through the aortic Hiatus?

Back 20

Thoracic duct, sometimes azygos vein

Front 21

What structures pass through with the esphagus?

Back 21

Vagal trunks and esophageal vessels

Front 22

What is the name of the opening with the IVC?

Back 22

IVC foramen

Front 23

What other structure passes through the IVC foramen?

Back 23

right phrenic

Front 24

What nerves contribute to the lumbar plexus?

Back 24

Ventral rami L1-L4 and T12

Front 25

Where do the branches of the lumbar plexus originate?

Back 25

deep to psoas major m

Front 26

Which nerves come from T12-L1?

Back 26

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal

Front 27

What nerve comes from L1-2?

Back 27

Genitofemoral

Front 28

What nerve comes from L2-3?

Back 28

Lateral femoral cutaneous

Front 29

What nerves come from L2-4?

Back 29

Femoral and Obturator nerve

Front 30

What do the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal supply?

Back 30

flat abdominal muscles

Front 31

What does the ilioinguinal terminal branches supply?

Back 31

scrotum/labia majora
base of penis/clitoris
medial thigh

Front 32

What does the genitofemoral branch to?

Back 32

genital branch
femoral branch

Front 33

What does the genital branch supply?

Back 33

cremaster, sensation to upper medial thigh and anterior scrotum/labia

Front 34

What does the femoral branch supply?

Back 34

sensation in upper anterior thigh

Front 35

What does Lateral femoral cutaneous supply?

Back 35

Skin of lateral thigh

Front 36

What does the femoral nerve supply?

Back 36

Motor to anterior thigh muscles and sensory to anterior thigh and part of leg and foot

Front 37

What does the obturator nerve supply?

Back 37

Motor and sensory to muscles and skin of medial compartment of thigh

Front 38

What does the sympathetic innervation do in abdomen?

Back 38

Vasomotor and decrease motility

Front 39

Where are the sympathetic ganglion?

Back 39

on the aorta and follow arteries

Front 40

What does parasympathetic innervation do?

Back 40

Increases motility and secretion

Front 41

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic come from?

Back 41

Thoracic splanchnics and lumbar splanchnics

Front 42

Where do the parasympathetic input come from?

Back 42

Vagal trunks, pelvic splanchnics

Front 43

What structures make up the urinary system?

Back 43

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 44

Where are the kidneys located?

Back 44

retroperitoneal
anterior to quadratus lumborum
by psoas major

Front 45

What structures cover the kidneys?

Back 45

Fibrous capsule
perirenal fat
renal fascia
pararenal fat

Front 46

What are the contents of the renal hilum?

Back 46

Vein, artery, renal pelvis or ureter

Front 47

What are the different parts of the kidney?

Back 47

Cortex
renal columns
Medulla- renal pyramids
Ducts

Front 48

Where are the ureters constricted?

Back 48

ureteropelvic junction
at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery
entering into urinary bladder

Front 49

Where are the suprarenal glands located?

Back 49

retroperitoneal, capping kidneys

Front 50

What do the suprarenal glands produce?

Back 50

adrenaline, noradrenaline, steroid hormones

Front 51

What are the major vessels of the PAW?

Back 51

Abdominal Aorta, Inferior Vena Cava

Front 52

What are the perietal branches of the aorta?

Back 52

Inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral

Front 53

What are the visceral branches of the aorta?

Back 53

middle adrenal, renal, gonadal

Front 54

What are the unpaired visceral of the aorta?

Back 54

Celiac, Superior Mesenteric, Inferior Mesenteric

Front 55

What are important branches of the IVC?

Back 55

Hepatic veins, Right inferior phrenic vein, right suprarenal vein, right renal vein, right testicular vein, left renal vein

Front 56

What are the ascending lumbar veins?

Back 56

External iliac, lumbar veins, azygos and hemiazygos

Front 57

What veins drain into the left renal vein?

Back 57

left gonadal, left adrenal, inferior phrenic, 2nd lumbar vein