Posterior Abdominal Viscera

Front 1

which muscle spans from T12 to the iliac crest?

Back 1

quadratus lumborum m.

Front 2

which two muscles join together to attach to the femur and what are these joined muscles called?

Back 2

the iliacus m.
psoas major m.

called the iliopsoas m.

Front 3

name the muscles that form the aortic hiatus.

Back 3

right crus
left crus

Front 4

name the 3 arcuate ligaments

Back 4

median arcuate ligament
medial arcuate ligament
lateral arcuate ligament

Front 5

Which body wall muscles does the thoracolumbar fascia attach to?

Back 5

internal oblique
transversus abdominis

Front 6

how many components are there to the thoracolumbar fascia?

Back 6

3
posterior
middle
anterior

Front 7

what ligament invests the erector spinae group?

Back 7

the posterior and middle thoracolumbar fascia

Front 8

what ligament invests the quadratus lumborum?

Back 8

the middle and anterior thoracolumbar fascia

Front 9

what invests the psoas major and minor mm.?

Back 9

the psoas fascia

Front 10

list the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall from superior to inferior.

Back 10

subcostal n.
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n.
lateral femoral cutaneous n.
genitofemoral n.

Front 11

at what vertebral level do the renal and suprarenal arteries branch from the aorta?

Back 11

L1

Front 12

at what level do the ovarian or testicular arteries branch from the aorta?

Back 12

L2

Front 13

what arteries supply the diaphragm and suprarenal glands?

Back 13

inferior phrenic a.

Front 14

where does the median sacral a. branch from?

Back 14

L4 vertebral level, just superior to the bifrication of the aorta

Front 15

how would you control a hemorrhage to the lower extremities?

Back 15

put pressure on the aorta at the L4 vertebral level. (push in at the umbilicus)

Front 16

where does the median sacral vein attach?

Back 16

the left iliac vein

Front 17

where do the left suprarenal, left gonadal, and inferior phrenic veins attach?

Back 17

the left renal vein

Front 18

describe lymphatic drainage in the posterior abdomen

Back 18

external and internal iliac nodes
drain to
common iliac nodes
drain to
R and L lumbar nodes
drain to
cysterna chyli and thoracic duct

Front 19

what separates perirenal fat from pararenal fat?

Back 19

renal fascia

Front 20

does the renal fascia completely enclose the kidneys?

Back 20

no. it is open inferiorly

Front 21

which kidney is more inferior and why?

Back 21

the right one because of the liver

Front 22

at what vertebral level are the hilums of the kidneys located?

Back 22

L1

Front 23

list the renal hilum anatomy from anterior to posterior.

Back 23

renal v.
renal a.
renal pelvis

Front 24

what is located in the renal sinus?

Back 24

perirenal fat
renal pelvis
calyces

Front 25

what is the renal structure from the surface to the minor calyces?

Back 25

renal capsule
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal papillae

Front 26

what do renal arteries divide into?

Back 26

segmental arteries that have little to no anastamoses

Front 27

name the 5 renal, segmental arteries.

Back 27

apical
anterosuperior
anteroinferior
inferior
posterior

Front 28

what is the nutcracker syndrome?

Back 28

when the left renal vein is compressed between the SMA and the aorta

Front 29

what are the 3 ureter constriction sites?

Back 29

renal pelvis
pelvis brim
bladder

Front 30

why should you avoid moving ureters laterally?

Back 30

so that you dont rupture the arterial supply

Front 31

where does kidney stone pain present?

Back 31

mid back around to the groin

Front 32

where is the cortex of the suprarenal gland derived from?

Back 32

mesoderm

Front 33

where is the medulla of the suprarenal gland derived from?

Back 33

neural crest cells
(and contains postganglionic sympathetic cells called chromaffin cells)

Front 34

what are the 3 arteries that supply the suprarenal gland?

Back 34

superior suprarenal a. (inferior phrenic a.)
middle suprarenal a. (T12, aorta)
inferior suprarenal a. (renal aa.)

Front 35

where does lymph from the kidneys and suprarenal glands drain to?

Back 35

the lumbar nodes

Front 36

where does lymph from the ureters drain to?

Back 36

mostly to the lumbar nodes
pelvic portions drain to common,external or internal nodes

Front 37

what 3 veins attach to the left renal v.?

Back 37

the inferior phrenic v.
suprarenal v.
left gonadal v.