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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Cold War |
A war fought between the United States and the Soviet union between 1947 and 1991. Both sides never clashed directly, instead they influenced other countries and fought proxy wars through them. The goal of the U.S was to stop the spread of communism. It represented of the battle between Capitalism and Communism. The Berlin wall is often symbolized to represent the Cold war, and when it crumbled in 1989, people thought the war was coming to an end.
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Nato |
North Atlantic treaty organisation. Joined western countries together on AUgust 24,1949. Employed a peaceful coexistence between its members. Its motto was “An attack on one, is an attack on all” |
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Warsaw Pact |
In response to the creation of Nato, The soviet Union created the “Warsaw Pact”. Included all of the nations inside the soviet union and seven other Eastern European countries. It was created in 1955.
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The Korean Proxy War |
Communists (Russians) and Capitalists (Americans) split Korea, with the north becoming communist and the south becoming capitalist. |
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Espionage |
Espionage, or secret intelligence, was one of the most common ways to gain information of the other country's activities without them knowing, and was BIG during the Cold War. The Gouzenko affair exposed this to the Canadian government and officials were shocked. |
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Cuban Missile Crisis |
After the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Fidel Castro took over all the American investment there, and kicked all Americans out of his country. The Soviet Union took advantage of this revolution to aim strategic ICBM “ Intercontinental ballistic missiles” at the U.S. They offered to buy up all of Cuba’s sugar, and provide them with 6.0 billion dollars annually, in return for the ability to point ICBMs on the USA. President Kennedy threatened nuclear war, which was barely averted by Russia taking their missiles out of Cuba, and America doing the same in Turkey.
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The Suez Crisis |
In 1956, President Nasser of Egypt retook control of the strategically situated Suez Canal that belonged to the British and the French. French, British, and Israeli troops prepared an invasion. Just before a war began, Prime Minister Lester Pearson intervened. ( Note he was NOT prime minister at that time. He was minister of external affairs) He proposed an idea to the U.N to create an international peacekeeping force. His idea won the vote of almost everyone in the general assembly, and it was soon applied to the Suez Crisis. The group is called the United Nations Emergency Force, and it managed to prevent a devastating war in Egypt. |
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The Baby Boom |
During the 1940’s, the war prevented many Canadians from having Children. After the war, conditions improved, and babies being a more common site. Along with immigration, this pushed Canada’s population from 13.5 million in 1949 to 17.5 million in 1959, a 30 percent jump
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The Suburbs |
After the war, veteran and their wives began to look for homes that were for sale. Homes in the city were too expensive, so the suburbs became a popular option. Thanks to the car, people could now go to work in the cities in the morning, and drive back home in the evening. |
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Counter Culture Movement |
The origins of this movement are teenagers from the baby boom. The introduction of the birth control pill, mixed with the increased amount of teenagers resulted in a change of behaviour. Rock and Roll became popular, drugs were common sight, and long , drawn out hair emerged. Woman no longer were strangled. Elvis Presley became popular |
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Universal Healthcare |
Universal health care began with Tommy Douglas, who was the leader of the CCF. He devoted 70% of his first budget to social services. He began providing free medical, hospital, and dental care for senior citizens. This caused the provincial debt to go down by 20 million. In 1947, Douglas introduced universal health insurance. For 5 dollars a year, Saskatchewan residents would have all their hospital bills covered, and by 1959, healthcare was free in Saskatchewan. In 1966, due to public pressure and political needs, Prime Minister Pearson introduced the Medical Care Act, which granted universal care to all Canadians |
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Louis St Laurent |
1949 - 1957 - Mega Projects - Nato - Extended Social Programs |
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John Diefenbaker |
1957 - 1963 - Worked for Human Rights - Bill of Rights - Founded a market in China for Prairie Wheat - Peaceful - Canceled the Avro Arrow and other military projects |
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Lester B. Pearson |
1963 - 1968 - UN peacekeeping during the Suez Crisis - Won a Nobel Peace Prize for the idea of peacekeepers - Healthcare becomes free |
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Pierre Trudeau |
1968 - 1979 - Dealt with the FLQ - Introduced bilingualism - Gave Canada the charter of rights and freedoms in 1982 - Trudeaumania |
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Brian Mulroney |
1984 - 1993 - Introduced GST - FTA - Failed at both attempts to get Quebec to sign the constitution - Most hated PM |
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Jean Chretien |
1993 - 2003 - Kept the GST and expanded FTA into NAFTA - never kept promises - Shawinigan Handshake |
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The Quiet Revolution |
Maurice Duplessis had put a dark cloak over Quebec the very minute he became its leader. He placed emphasis on the church and rural tradition, and decided to not improve technologically. In 1959, when Duplessis died, a quiet revolution began. THe liberals won the next election, people began to question Duplessis ran Quebec, and education became increasingly popular. However; most of the important positions in Quebec were held by anglophones. THis angered the Quebecois, and the phrase “ Maitres chez Nous” became popular. Quebec began catching up to the rest world in all areas, but change was slow… |
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FLQ |
Some people wanted change quickly, and they wanted it now. This was the FlQ. The FLQ was a terrorist group that resorted to violence to show its message. They used bombing, robbing, and kidnapping techniques to instill terror into people. They got the governments attention when they blew a bomb in the montreal stock exchange, and presumably killed a police officer. |
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The October Crisis |
On October 5, 1970, the FLQ kidnapped James Cross and issued a ransom. Then on October 10, they kidnapped Pierre Laporte, Quebec’s minister of labour and a key government official. On October 16, Trudeau invoked the War measures act to deal with the issue. On October 18, Pierre Laporte was found dead. |
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Quebec's Official Language Act |
Because of fears of the French Language dying, Quebec premier Robert Bourassa invoked the Official Language Act in 1974. French became the only language, and all legal activities had to be completed in French. This angered many Anglophones. When the Parti Quebecois came in power, they invoked Bill 101, which made the situation even worse. Within 5 years, the number of English speakers in Quebec had dropped by 94,000.
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Meech Lake Accord |
Mulroney wanted it to be his lasting legacy to bring Quebec into the constitution. To do this, he had to go to the provinces 1990 and every single one of them had to agree. The Meech Lake Accord guaranteed Quebec to be a distinct society, which angered many groups, especially first nations. Trudeau was extremely against the idea, saying that it would increase Quebec’s separationist trend. Eventually, the accord was denied, as Manitoba and Newfoundland both disagreed.
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Charlottetown Accords |
Mulroney wanted to try a different approach in 1992, so he held a referendum for the people to decide. One of the controversial parts of these accords was that Quebec would never have less than ¼ of the seats in the house of commons, which seemed unfair to many. In the end, 60 percent of Canadians said NO to the accords.
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