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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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fore father of american exceptionalism who conceived the west to be a receeding frontier line where savagery meets civilization; believed free land was key to democratic success and the american dream but announced the frontier had closed in 1890; civilization decreases oppurtunities and eventually subordinates people into society.
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American Exceptionalism
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belief that americans were the greatest, strongest, and hardest working people on earth.
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What communities formed in the West?
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egalitarian communities believing in equality at all levels between all people.
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How long was the "old west"?
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1865-1890.
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What are the 3 distinct environmental regions of the west?
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Trans-Mississippi West (middle west to 98 parallel), Far West (sierra nevada and cascade mountains to pacific ocean), Great Basin (sierra nevada and rocky mountains).
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What myth undermined the belief that the west was the "Great American Desert"?
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that a garden of Eden existed in the lush trans-mississippi.
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What 3 commercial powers rose and fell in the west between 1865 and 1890?
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mining, farming, and cattle.
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In essence, who really settles the West?
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the government, corporations, and railroads.
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Cowboys
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low life expectancies, harsh conditions, contracted for cattle drives, increased to about 35k by 1884 due to high demand in beef following the civil war.
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What eradicated indians from the west?
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disease, constant warfare among tribes and the u.s., and loss of the buffalo decimated their numbers.
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The 1867 Peace Commission
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federal effort to pacify indians by moving them to established reservations; agreed to by many tribal leaders but white settlement continued to violate the treaties and encroach on indian lands.
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Battle of Little Big Horn
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tribal leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse stormed off their reservation to protest white encroachment
and when pursued by George Custer they overwhelmed and killed him and his calvary. |
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Wounded Knee
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a group of 300 Sioux indians (men, women, children) fled their reservation and were surrounded and slaughtered by American soldiers.
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Dawes Severalty Act 1887
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federal attempt to transform indians into independent farmers; acceptance included american citizenship.
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Homestead Act
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gave 160 acres of land to anyone who paid a 10$ registration fee and promised to live and cultivate it for 5 years.
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The Timber Culture Act
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amendment to the homestead act that gave an extra 1600 acres if they planted trees on 1/4 of it.
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Desert Land Act
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provided 640 acres at $1.25 an acre provided they irrigate the land.
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The Timber and Stone Act of 1878
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allowed anyone in NV, CA, OR, and WA to buy land that was unfit for civilization for 2.50 an acre.
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What ushered in the closing of the open range?
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sod busters, sheep raising, barbed wire, demise of the indian, and advanced farming techniques.
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The Grange
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formed by Oliver Kelly to provide social, cultural, and educational activities for its members; eventually became populists..
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