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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes ATP a possible immediate vasodilator?
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causes release of NO, prostaglandins, and EDHF from vascular endothelial cells, which then affects smooth muscles cells
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What's the problem with ATP as an immediate vasodilator?
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Testing has been hampered by inconclusiveness of location of blood ATP. Also specific receptor blockers have messed up conclusions
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Why is NO considered a possible immediate vasodilator?
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NO is synthesized from many locations (endothelium, skeletal muscle, and RBC's) and it's proven that release of NO from muscles causes a marked increase of blood flow
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What's the problem with NO as a vasodilator?
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We don't know how well NO synthase inhibitors work.
Fiber types exhibit different NO dependent vasodilation |
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Why are prostanoids consideredd to be a possible immediate vasodilator?
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Prostanoids come from both skeletal muscles and endothelial cells whish is where some vasodilators originate from and work
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What is the problem with Prostanoids as immediate vasodilators?
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Prostanoids are not essential for exercise hyperemia but may play a back up role
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Why are EDHF's considered to be immediate vasodilators?
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EDHF may be involoved in exercise hyperemia via Bradykinin
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What's the problem with EDHF as an immediate vasodilator?
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Bradykinin is an amino acid peptide that circulates in plasma and is not directly linked to EDHF
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How do skeletal muscles produce NO and what does the NO synthase enzyme bind to in skeletal muscle?
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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase. NO binds to Caveolin-3 in skeletal muscle
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How do endothelial cells produce NO? What does NO bind to in endothelium?
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Endothelial cells produce NO via eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase).
NO from endothelial cells binds to Bradykinin, ATP, and ACh or by mechanical factors like shear stress. |
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What does NO bind to in RBC's? What is the main mechanism of vasodilation of NO in smooth muscle cells.?
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NO binds to hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells.
NO creates vasodilation in smooth muscles when binding to the receptor guanylate cyclase |
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What are the characteristics of Type I and II Muscle Afferents?
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Type I and II Muscle Afferents are highly myelinated nerve fibers that serve as endings for muscle spindles and GTO's.
These nerve fibers have no effect on cardiovascular function |
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What are the characteristics of Type III and IV Muscle afferents?
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mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli
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