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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Buddism
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A philosophical and religious system base on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering cause by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth.
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Collectivism
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A cultural value that prizes the concepts of sharing, cooperation, interdependence, and duty to the group.
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Compassion
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An aspect of humanity that involves looking outside oneself and thinking about others as we care for and identify with them. In positive psychology, compassion requires (a) that the difficulty of the recipient be serious; (b) that the recipient's difficulties are not self-inflicted; and (c) that we, as observers, are able to identity with the recipient's suffering.
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Confucianism
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A philosophical and religious system developed from the teachings of Confucius. Confucianism values love for humanity, duty, etiquette, and truthfulness. Devotion to family, including ancestors, is also emphasized.
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Enlightenment
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A human's capacity to transcend desire and suffering and to see things clearly for what they are.
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Harmony
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A state of consensus or balance. Eastern traditions view harmony as essential to happiness
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Hinduism
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A diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice native to and predominant in India. Hinduism is characterized b a belief in the interconnected of all things and emphasizes personal improvement with the goal of transcending the cycle of reincarnation.
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Hope
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As defined by Snyder, goal-directed thinking in which a person has the perceived capacity to find routes to desired goals (pathway thinking) and the requisite motivations to use those routes (agency thinking). Snyder believes that hope is not genetically base but an entirely learned and deliberate way of thinking.
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Individualism
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A cultural value that emphasizes individual achievement, competition, personal freedom, and autonomy
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Nirvana
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A state in which the self is freed from desire. This is the final destination in the Buddhist philosophy.
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Taoism
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A philosophical and religious system developed by Lao-Tzu that advocates a simple, honest life and onointerference in the course of natural events
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Flourishing
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A term pertaining to individuals who have simultaneous high levels of social, emotional, and psychological well-being.
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Languishing
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A term pertaining to individuals who do not have a mental illness but who are low in social, emotional, and psychological well-being.
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Life satisfaction
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A sense of contentment and peace stemming from small gaps between wantsand needs.
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Psychological well-being
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A type of well-being that consits of six elements: self-acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relations with others.
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Psychometric properties
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The measurement characterisitics of a scale that include it reliability, validity, and statistics on items of the measure.
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Reliability
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The ability of a scale to produce consistent and reliable results over a number of administrations or after the passage of time.
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Social well-being
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A type of well-being that consists of coherence, integration, actualization, contribution, and acceptance by others.
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Strengths
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A capacity for feeling, thinking, and behavving in a way that allows optimal functioning in the pursuit of valued outcomes (Linley & Harrington, 2006).
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Talent
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Naturally recurring patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied and manifested in life experiences characterized by yearnings, rapid learning, satisfaction, and timelessness.
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Validity
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The ability of a scale to measure what it is intended to measure.
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Culturally relativistic perspective
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Interpreting behaviors within the context of cultures.
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Culture
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A common heritage or set of beliefs, norms, and values
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Culture-boound syndromes
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Sets of symptoms much more common in some societies that in others.
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Etiology
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The cause, origin, or a reason for something.
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Eugenics
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The study of methods of reducing "genetic inferiority" by selective breeding,especially as applied to human reproduction.
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Genetically deficient perspective
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A view of human diversity that suggests that biological difference explains perceivved gaps in intellectual capabilities among racial groups. Proponents of this perspecrtive believe that those of inferior intelligence cannot benefit from growth opportunities and do not contribute to the advancement of society.
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Multicultural personality
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"A strength-based cluster of personality dispositions that... is hypothesized to predict cultural adjustment and quality of life outcomes in culturally heterogenous societies" (Ponterotto, Mendelowitz, & Collabolletta, 2008, p. 95)
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Worldview
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"Ways of describing the universe and life within it, both in terms of what is and what ought to be" (Koltko-Rivera, 2004, p. 4).
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Career consolidation
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A life task that requires the development of a social identity and engagement in a career characterized by contentment, compensation, competence, and commitment.
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External adaptation
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A person's ability to meet the social, education, and occupational epectations of society.
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Emotion Focused Coping
Annette Stanton |
2 related yet distinct processes
- emotional processing: try to understand - emotional expression:free and intentional display of emotion |
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Measures of Emotional Processing
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- I realize that my feelings are important and valid
- I take the time to realize what I am feeling |
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Annette Stanton, UCLA
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Studied emotion-focused coping
Recognized the adaptive potential of emotions Discovered flaws in previous research that required respondents to select items showing distress or psychopathology when indicating that had experienced intense emotion |
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EFC
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positive impact for:
cancer parental illness chronic racism infertility chronic pain |
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EFC: works
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• Works via:
better understanding of experiences directs attention to central concerns become able to face stressors directly learn that emotional pain subsides |
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Emotional Intelligence
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popularized by Daniel Goleman’s 1994
book "Emotional Intelligence |
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EI - quote
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“Emotions are of quite extraordinary
importance in the total economy of living organisms and do not deserve being put into opposition with “intelligence.” The emotions are, it seems, themselves a higher order of intelligence.” (Mowrer, 1960, p. 308) |
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EI - controversy
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There is no consensus on what “Emotional
Intelligence” is conceptually or how measured (Zeidner et al. 2008) Cognitive or non-cognitive? Trait or ability? Aptitude or adaption to social and cultural situation? |
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EI - 3 streams
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• Three streams:
1. Four-branch abilities test by Mayer and Salovey; 2. Self-report instruments based on the Mayer–Salovey model; 3. Mixed model - includes traditional social skill measures as well as EI measures that go beyond the Mayer– Salovey definition |
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EI - measures
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• Bar-On’s Eq-I - Focused more on personality
and mood variables Self-report Strong correlation with neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness (Mayer et al. 2008) • Goleman & Boyatizs’ mixed model ECI and ESCI – measure competencies for leadership performance Self-awareness, self management, social awareness & relationship management Multi-rater – perception of ability by others |
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Emotional Intelligence
• Peter Salovey and John Mayer |
Adapting to life circumstances requires
cognitive abilities and emotional skills 3 core components: • appraisal and expression • regulation • utilization |
