Positioning Test: Knee And Femur

Front 1

The second largest bone in the body is?

Back 1

Tibia

Front 2

How many bones make up the leg?

Back 2

2

Front 3

What is the largest and strongest bone in the body?

Back 3

Femur

Front 4

The fibula articulates with the tibia where?

Back 4

The proximal and distal ends

Front 5

What's the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?

Back 5

Parallel to the IR

Front 6

How far should the IR extend beyond the knee or ankle joint with the AP projection of the leg?

Back 6

1 and 1/2 inches

Front 7

Which of the following objects should be available in the room when preforming a radiograph of the lower limb?

Back 7

All of the above

Front 8

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee

Back 8

1/2 in. below patellar apex

Front 9

When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection the patella will lie where?

Back 9

slightly to the medial side

Front 10

Where is the central ray for the AP projection of the knee?

Back 10

1/2 in. distal to patellar apex

Front 11

When the ASIS to table top measurement is between 19 and 24 cm the CR angulation for AP knee is?

Back 11

0 (Or perpendicular)

Front 12

When the ASIS to table top measurement is greater than 24 cm the CR angulation for an AP knee is

Back 12

5 degrees cephalic

Front 13

When the ASIS to table top measurement is less then 19 cm the CR angulation for an AP knee is

Back 13

5 degrees caudal

Front 14

How much should the leg be flexed for the projection of the knee

Back 14

20-30 degrees

Front 15

Which of the following will ensure that the knee is properly positioned for a lateral projection

Back 15

All of the above:
a)the leg flexed 20-30 degrees
b)patella is perpendicular to the IR
c)epicondyles perpendicular to IR

Front 16

The CR angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is

Back 16

5-7 degrees cephalic

Front 17

Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of joint spaces?

Back 17

Ap of both knees Weight bearing

Front 18

Valgus and varus deformity of the knee can be evaluated with which of the following projections?

Back 18

AP bilateral weight bearing

Front 19

The CR angulation for an AP bilateral weight bearing knee is

Back 19

zero

Front 20

The CR angulation for the AP projection of the knee is

Back 20

depends on ASIS to table top distance

Front 21

For an AP oblique projection of the knee the limb is rotated

Back 21

45 degrees

Front 22

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on and AP oblique projection of the knee in medial rotation

Back 22

Tibiofibular articulation

Front 23

Which of the following is used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa

Back 23

Holmblad and Camp-Coventry

Front 24

How much is the knee joint flexed for the PA axial projection or the Holmblad method of the intercondylar fossa

Back 24

70 degrees

Front 25

How is the central ray directed for the PA axial or Holmblad method of the intercondylar fossa

Back 25

perpendicular

Front 26

Which of the following positions can be used demonstrate the intercondylar fossa using the Holmblad method

Back 26

All of the above:
a)standing using a horizontal ray
b)kneeling on the table with a vertical CR
c)standing with knee on stool with horizontal CR

Front 27

What position ideally is the patient placed for a PA projection of the patella

Back 27

prone

Front 28

In order to place the patella parallel to the plane of IR for a PA projection the heel must be rotated

Back 28

5-10 degrees laterally

Front 29

What is CR angle for a PA projection of the patella

Back 29

perpendicular

Front 30

Where should the CR be directed for the PA projection of the patella

Back 30

Mid popliteal area

Front 31

How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection of the patella

Back 31

5-10 degrees

Front 32

The knee is in the correct position for a lateral projection of the patella if

Back 32

Combination:
a)epocondyles are superimposed
b)the patella is perpendicular to the IR

Front 33

What is the CR angle for a lateral projection of the patella

Back 33

zero

Front 34

Where does the CR enter the knee for a lateral projection of the patella

Back 34

the patella femoral joint space

Front 35

Which of the following is the essential method of demonstrating the patella in the tangential projection

Back 35

settegast

Front 36

Which of the following positions can be used to perform the settegast of the patella

Back 36

Combination:
a)seated
b)prone

Front 37

The preferred method for positioning a patient for the tangential projection of the patella is

Back 37

They are prone

Front 38

How far should the knee be flexed for the tangenital projection of the patella settegast method when done in the prone position

Back 38

Combination:
a)as much as possible
b)until the patella is perpendicular

Front 39

Where is the CR directed for the settegast method of the patella

Back 39

the patella femoral joint space

Front 40

What is the degree of angulation of the tangential projection of the settegast mothod

Back 40

variable depending on the degree of knee flexion

Front 41

What is the CR angle for the AP projection of the femur

Back 41

zero

Front 42

How many degrees should the limb be internally rotated for the AP projection of the femur

Back 42

15 degrees

Front 43

How far should the IR extend below the knee for a lateral projection of the femur

Back 43

2 inches

Front 44

If a lateral projection of the femur includes the hip joint where should the top of the IR be placed

Back 44

ASIS

Front 45

how far should the patient be rolled posteriorly from the lateral positon for a lateral projection of the hip that will include the proximal femur

Back 45

10-15 degrees

Front 46

The proximal end of the tibia includes 2 prominent process called

Back 46

condyles

Front 47

The 2 flat superior processes of the tibia are called

Back 47

tibial plateaus (which slant 10-20 degrees posteriorly)

Front 48

On the anterior surface of the tibia the prominent process caleed the

Back 48

tibial tuberosity

Front 49

When the femur is vertical, the medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle by how many degrees

Back 49

5-7 degrees

Front 50

Posteriorly the femoral condyles are separated by a deep dperession called the

Back 50

intercondylar fossa

Front 51

Which anatomical part must be identified on lateral radiographs of the knee in order to identify under or over rotation

Back 51

Adductor tubercle

Front 52

The central fibro cartilage disc on fibro cartilage discs or pads lie on the tibial plateus are called

Back 52

meniscus

Front 53

Which leg angle is used for a PA axial intercondylar fossa Camp-Coventry method

Back 53

40-50 degrees

Front 54

If the knee is angled 40 degrees for the camp-coventry method the CR will be angled

Back 54

40 degrees

Front 55

How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection

Back 55

20-30 degrees

Front 56

The incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity is called

Back 56

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Front 57

Know these:
Osteomalacia
Paget's disease
Osteosarcoma

Back 57

Good luck!

Front 58

Osteomalacia

Back 58

Osteomalacia is the general term for the softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, osteomalacia is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. It may show signs as diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones. A common cause of the disease is a deficiency in Vitamin D, which is normally obtained from the diet and/or sunlight exposure.[1]

Front 59

Paget's Disease

Back 59

is a chronic disorder that typically results in enlarged and deformed bones. It is named after Sir James Paget, the British surgeon who first described this disease[1]. The excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue that occurs with Paget's disease can cause bone to weaken, resulting in bone pain, arthritis, deformities, and fractures. Paget's disease may be caused by a slow virus infection (i.e., paramyxoviruses such as measles, Canine distemper virus[2], and respiratory syncytial virus), present for many years before symptoms appear. Most studies have pointed at either Canine distemper virus or Measles.[3][4][5] There is also a hereditary factor since the disease may appear in more than one family member.

Paget's disease is rarely diagnosed in people less than 40 years of age. Men are more commonly affected than women. Prevalence of Paget's disease ranges from 1.5 to 8 percent depending on age and country of residence. Prevalence of familial Paget's disease (where more than one family member has the disease) ranges from 10 to 40 percent in different parts of the world.[citations needed]Because early diagnosis and treatment is important, after age 40, siblings and children of someone with Paget's disease may wish to have an alkaline phosphatase blood test every two or three years. If the alkaline phosphatase level is above normal, other tests such as a bone-specific alkaline phosphatase test, bone scan, or x-ray can be performed.

Front 60

Osteosarcoma

Back 60

is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies. There is a preference for the metaphyseal region of tubular long bones. 50% of cases occur around the knee. It is a malignant connective (soft) tissue tumor whose neoplastic cells present osteoblastic differentiation and form tumoral bone.