Pose

Front 1

Capillary

Back 1

smallest of blood vessles, which connect arterioles and venules, these walls are composed of only a single layer if cells so lipids and oxygen can pass through

Front 2

diffusion

Back 2

movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration: passive transport

Front 3

peripheral circulation

Back 3

blood flow to upper and lower extremities and the dermis

Front 4

cardiovascular functions

Back 4

rtransport metabolic substances to tissue, transport metabolic end products to organs to dispose of, transport endocrines from the organs that secret them to their target tissue

Front 5

arterioles function

Back 5

control the flow to individual vascular beds

Front 6

capillaries function

Back 6

exchange materials between blood and interstitial fluid

Front 7

lymphatics function

Back 7

collect fluid and their substances from tissue and return it to the circulation

Front 8

peripheral pulses

Back 8

confirmation that extremities of the body and dermis are receiving oxygenated blood and nutrients

Front 9

sinoatrial node

Back 9

pacemaker of heart, controls heart rate

Front 10

conduction system

Back 10

composed of av node, bundle of his, bundle branches an purkinje fibers

Front 11

heart block

Back 11

electrical defect of heart, impulses from sa node are impeded or blocked so av node becomes pacemaker but at a slower rate

Front 12

complete heart block

Back 12

atria beat at normal rate but ventricles at a slower rate, leads to poor pumping efficiency, these patients are candidates for a pacemaker

Front 13

venous return

Back 13

the blood flowing from the veins ino the right atrium each minute

Front 14

Preload

Back 14

the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction. related to sarcomere length at end of diastole

Front 15

sacomere

Back 15

the basic unit of a muscle

Front 16

myofibrils

Back 16

composed of repeating sections of sarcomeres, which appear as dark an light bands

Front 17

afterload

Back 17

the load that the heart must eject blood against, closely related to aortic pressure

Front 18

inotropy

Back 18

contractility, changes are caused by intrinsic cellular mechanisms that regulate the interation between actin and myosin independent of sarcomere length

Front 19

effects of gravity

Back 19

venous pooling will reduce cardiac output

Front 20

spontaneous respiration

Back 20

decreased intra-thoratic pressure results in a decreased right atrial pressure which enhances venous return

Front 21

mechanical ventilation

Back 21

increased intra-thoratic pressure during positive pressure lung inflation causes increased right atrial pressure which decreases venous return

Front 22

valsalva maneuver

Back 22

causes a large increase in intra-thoratic pressure which impedes venous return to the right atrium

Front 23

cardiac index

Back 23

CO/BSA

normal- 2.6-4.2

mid left heart failure- less than 2.5

shock- less than 1.8