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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hemeostatic mechanisms |
a multitude of highly complex interactions to maintain balance or return systems to functioning within a normal range. maintain a stable, constant condition of properties in an open or closed system |
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3 main systems |
circulatory- transportation nervous- communication endocrine- regulatory |
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Circulatory |
pump (heart) RV- pulmonary circulatory LV- sestemic circulatory both ventricals contract (systole) and relax (diastole) conduction system- electric system |
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Conduction System |
SA node- (natural pacemaker) initiates impuleses AV node- Regulates heart ratio Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his) before the split in the septum Bundle branches the split in the septum conduction myofibers (pukining fibers) |
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Functions of Blood circulatory |
Carry O2 nutrients Remove CO2 Remove waste products |
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Blood transports |
Hormones RBC WBC Platelets |
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Blood consists of |
RBC (erythrocytes) WBC Platelets |
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Plasma |
complex solution of salts, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and gases |
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Composition of Blood |
55% plasma accounts for 7% of body weight |
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Erythrocytes |
arise from stem cells in bone marrow lose their neclei before entering blood circulation live for 120 days
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Hemoglobin |
main protein in RBC Heme- an iron- cantaining Tetrapyrrole binds easy to O2 and affected by ph & Temp. fetus has 2 Y chains instead of 2 B chains |
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Heme |
linked to globin; a protein composed of 4 polypeptide chains Erythrocytes Monocytes- a leukocyte, body immune system Megakaryoctes- large bone marrow cells Lymphocytes- WBC |
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Cardiac pump |
works till death then stops size of fist 7-15 oz Fetal heart occupies most of the mid section 1st few weeks lies high in chest then moves down to position with growth. |
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Fetal Heart |
tube like (fish) fast growth and twists back 2C (frog) 2 atris, 1 big ventricle (snake, turtle) 2 atris and beginning ventricle separation complete ventricle separation 4C (human heart) |
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Average Heart rate |
infant 120 child 90 18 and over 70 elderly 50-65 |
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Heart protection |
pericardial cavity breastbone rib cage diaphragm muscles |
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3 parts of circulatory system |
pulmonary coronary systemic |
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fistula |
mixing of blood from artery and vein |
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chest x-ray provides |
size, position and obvious deformation |
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Electrocardiography |
records the electric system of the heart |
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Bundle branch block |
the heart conduction system can not send an impulse to the bundle branch. the conductions system can find a different route which slows down the impulse causing one ventricle to contract a fraction of a second slower then the other |
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Bundle branch block causes |
coronary artery disease cardiomyopathy valve disease |
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Dilated cardiomyopathy/ congestive cardiomyopathy |
damage to the muscle tissue and chamber walls become weak |
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long term effects of Enlarge heart |
excess body fluid difficulty breathing edema heart failure arrhythmias slow blood flow in heart and clot formation |
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Causes of congestive cardiomyopathy |
idiopathic (no exact cause) viral infection alcohol and toxic substances poor nutrition myocarditis bacterial infection |
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cardiomyopathy treatment |
lifestyle changes medicines surgery |
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semi lunar valves |
pa/ao valves |
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Cardiac output |
stroke volume X heart rate (per min) |
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Heart rate |
controlled by autonomic nerves 1 heart beat/ cardiac cycle takes .08 sec |
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Autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
sympathetic - fight/flight parasympathetic- rest/digest |
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Hemodynamics |
study of blood flow and blood pressure |
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Anatomy of Arteries |
tunica externa- composed of connective tissue tunica media- smooth muscle cells tunica interma- mainly endotheliac cells and in direct contact with blood flow. |
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5 types of Arteries |
Pulmonary- Systemic- arteries deliver blood to arterioles to capillaries. Aorta Arterioles- Capillaries-
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Arterioles |
smallest true arteries. only have 2 layers of smooth muscle primary site of vascular resistance or blood pressure |
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Capillaries |
exchange happens. single cell thick to aid in fast and easy diffusion. Adopt and withstand pressures. |
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vegus nerve |
cardiac inhibitor |
