Portable Fire Extinguishers

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To be an effective extinguisher:

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Must be readily accessible

In working order

Suitable for the hazard

Large enough to control the size fire

User must know how to operate the extinguisher

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Class A Fires:

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Fires involving ordinary combustibles

Fire Extinguisher: Water or Class A day Chemical

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Class B Fires:

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Involving flammable and combustible liquids

Fire Extinguisher: Dry chemical agent, halogenated agents, or foams. Creates barrier between fuel and heat ( by smothering oxygen) and stops chemical reaction

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Class C Fires: Fires involving energized electrical equipment

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Fire Extinguisher: nonconductive agents such as carbon dioxide, halon, and dry chemical or turning off electricity. ( Typical carbon dioxide extinguisher).

Best way to extinguish is turn off power. Done by power company

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Class D: Fires involving combustible metals ( engine clocks, magnesium)

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Extinguished with sodium chloride material which is used to cover the material. DO NOT USE WATER extinguisher.

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Class K: Fires that involve cooking applications/ oils etc. Commericial buildings using cooking applications ( restaurants, etc)

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Usually found in restaurants.

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Smothering

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oxygen exclusion. barrier between fuel and heat

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cooling

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reducing the burning materials temperature

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chain breaking

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interrupt chemical reaction

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saponification

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foaming an oxygen- excluding soapy foam. makes water wetter- penetrates better

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Extinguishers must have a means to expel the extinguishing agent :

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Manual pump

Stored Pressure

Pressure Cartridge

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Types of Fire Extinguishers

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Pumped

Hand propelled ( buckets or drums of water for class A)

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Stored pressure water extinguishers

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water is stored in a tank with compressed air as the expellant. Also called air-pressurized water extinguisher (APW) . Small Class A Fires only. 2.5 gallons of water / 30-40 feet discharge distance

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Water- Mist

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Class A and C Fires

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Wet Chemical Stored- Pressure Extinguishers

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Class K cooking fires

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AFFF ( Aquieous Film Foam)

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Class A and B Fires . Air aspirating nozzle. AFFF concentrate mixed with water. Not directly applied to burning fuel.

Rain it down or disrupt the stream so not a direct stream into the fire.

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Clean Agent Extinguishers

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designed to replace halogenated extinguishing agents ( Halon 1211 and Halon 1301) .

Halon was stopped in 1994

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Clean Agent cont.

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Used for Class B and C fires and areas with sensitive electronic equipment.

Extinguish fires through a chemical process which inhibits combustion .

High expansion ratio. Needs no expellant ( already a gas) Non-conductive/noncorrosive

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Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers

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Found as handheld extinguishers and wheeled units . Wheeled units commonly found at airports and industrial facilities.

Wheeled units have a hose and nozzle attached to the gas cylinders.

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Carbon Dioxide cont.

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Class B and Class C fires ( disadvantage - takes away fire but not taking away the vapors)

Limited reach and dispersed by wind. Stored as liquidfied gas

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Dry Chemical Extinguishers ( most common in station and most common in residential )

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Suitable for use on Class A-B-C. * do not confuse with dry powder extinguishers for Class D fires.

Not compatible with foam. nontoxic and safe to use. Can reduce visibility.

On Class A fires, the discharge should be directed to cover fire

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Metal Fire Agents and Extinguishers (yellow)

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No single agent will control or extinguish fires in all combustible metals

Portable extinguishers for Class D fires may be handheld or wheeled.

Cover fire with powder. 1-2 in. layer of powder nearby. Shovel the burning metal onto this layer and apply more powder

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Class A and B extinguishers have a ___________ rating to designate the size fire the extinguisher should be able to extinguish

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Numerical

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Class A extinguishers rated from 1A to 40A

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1A requires 1 1/4 gallons of water

2A will extinuish twice as much as a 1A

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Class B extinguishers: rated from 1B through 640B

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Based on area of fire involving a 2inch layer of n-heptane that a non-expert

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Class C

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No tests are conducted for capacity ratings

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Class D

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No tests are conducted for capacity ratings. Just tested for what the reaction will be between metal and agent.

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Class K

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2.25 sq ft.

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Extinguishers may have multiple markings if suitable for more than one type of fire

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Most common are Class A-B-C. Class A-B. and class B-C.

Ratings for each class do not effect each other

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NFPA 10

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recommends picotographs indicting fire extinguishers use. ( standard for fire extinguishers )

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Extinguisher safety

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test it

approach upwind if possible

dont enter burn area

do not turn back on fire

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Check before using:

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- no external damage

-nozzle and handle in place

- the weight feels like it contains agent

- if pressure gauge, make sure its operational

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P.A.S.S ( fire extinguishers )

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P- pull the pin

A- aim the nozzle

S- squeeze the handle

S- sweep back and forth at the fire

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Fire codes require that extinguishers be inspected _______________ by the management of the property

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monthly ** fire departments check yearly to make sure they are doing their monthly checks.

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Servicing of extinguishers at a property is the responsibility of the _________________-

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property owner/management