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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define 'population' in terms of statistics |
The complete set of possible observations |
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Describe the null and alternate hypothesis |
Null hypothesis must be NEGATIVE e.g Drug X has NO EFFECT on Y Alternate hypothesis is POSITIVE e.g Drug X HAS an effect on Y |
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Define 'sample' in terms of Statistics |
A set of observations taken from the population |
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Describe an ideal sample |
-Representative of population of interest -Individuals have equal chance of being sampled -There is independence of sampling individuals -Sufficient size to draw conclusions |
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Describe random sampling |
Every element has equal chance of being selected |
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Describe stratified sampling |
Divides a group into subgroups based on a particular characteristic e.g sex and then randomly selects participants |
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Describe cluster sampling |
Divide group into units (clusters) e.g schools, classes, etc. and then take samples |
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Describe non-random sampling |
-Unequal chance of selection -Selection may be subjective -Observer chooses to include participants they want -Selection may be convenient |
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Define survivorship bias |
You can only sample the survivors and have no considered those who have died in the intervening period |
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Define self-selection bias |
You have a bias towards those participating in your study than those who are not |
