Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
POPULATION HEALTH
|
THE HEALTH OUTCOMES OF A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS, INCLUDING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SUCH OUTCOMES WITHIN THE GROUP
|
|
|
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (6)
|
- BIOLOGY
- BEHAVIORS - PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT - POLICIES AND INTERVENTIONS - ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH CARE - SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT |
|
|
POPULATION HEALTH FRAMEWORK
|
|
|
|
PUBLIC HEALTH
|
WHAT WE DO AS A SOCIETY COLLECTIVELY TO ASSURE CONDITIONS IN WHICH PEOPLE CAN BE HEALTHY
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH (7)
|
- PROMOTION OF SANITATION
- CONTROL OF COMMUNICABALE DISEASE - REGULATION OF FOOD AND WATER - OPERATION OF STATE LABORATORIES - HEALTH EDUCATION - MAINTENANCE OF VITAL STATISTICS - LIMITED MEDICAL CARE DELIVERY |
|
|
EPIDEMIOLOGY
|
THE STUDY OF HOW DISEASE IS DISTRIBUTED IN POPULATIONS AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OR DETERMINE THE DISTRIBUTION
|
|
|
OBJECTIVES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (5)
|
- ID CAUSES OF DISEASE AND RISK FACTORS
- QUANTIFY BURDEN OF DISEASAE IN COMMUNITY - STUDY NATURAL HISTORY / PROGNOSIS OF DISEASE - EVALUATE EXISTING AND NEW PREVENTIVE / THERAPEUTIC MEASURES - PROVIDE FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC POLICY REGARDING DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION |
|
|
WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIVITIES (3)
|
- PATHOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY {BASIC SCI}
- INTERNAL MEDICINE AND PEDIATRICS {CLINICAL / MED SCI} - EPIDEMIOLOGY, ENV HEALTH SCIENCE, HEALTH ED, AND BEHAV SCI {PUB HEALTH SCI} |
|
|
HEALTH
|
STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND SOCIAL WELL BEING, AND NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY
|
|
|
ILLNESS
|
A SOCIALLY DEFINED CONCEPT REFERRING TO A HEALTH STATE THAT DEVIATES WHAT IS CONSIDERED NORMAL IN A GIVEN COMMUNITY
|
|
|
DISEASE
|
A PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS THAT IMPAIRS BODILY FUNCTION
|
|
|
HEALTH CONTINUUM
|
|
|
|
TYPES OF PREVENTION (3)
|
- PRIMARY (IMMUNIZATION)
- SECONDARY (SCREENING FOR CANCER) - TERTIARY (REHAB FOR A STROKE) |
|
|
PRIMARY PREVENTION
|
PREVENTING THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF A DISEASE
|
|
|
SECONDARY PREVENTION
|
EARLY DETECTION OF EXISTING DISEASE TO REDUCE SEVERITY AND COMPLICATIONS
|
|
|
TERTIARY PREVENTION
|
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF THE DISEASE
|
|
|
WHY DO WE NEED POPULATION HEALTH (4)
|
- CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS
- RISE OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND DISABILITY - FRAGMENTATION - FINANCING AND ACCREDITATION |
|
|
POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT
|
A VARIETY OF APPROACHES DEVELOPED TO FOSTER HEALTH AND QUALITY OF CARE IMPROVEMENTS WHILE MANAGING COSTS FOR A DEFINED POPULATION
|
|
|
POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (6)
|
- LIFESTYLE
- DEMAND - DISEASE - CATASTROPHIC - DISABILITY - INTEGRATED |
|
|
LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT
|
USE THE TECHNIQUES OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN A HEALTH PROMOTION OR PREVENTION CONTEXT TO IMPROVE INDIVIDUALS HEALTH HABITS AND REDUCE HEALTH RISKS
|
|
|
DEMAND MANAGEMENT
|
USE REMOTE PATIENT MANAGEMENT TO DIRECT INDIVIDUALS TOWARD APPROPRIATE UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE SERVICES
|
|
|
DISEASE MANAGEMENT
|
FOCUS ON A PARTICULAR DISEASE AND ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE MEDICAL AND CARE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
|
|
|
CATASTROPHIC CARE MANAGEMENT
|
CONCENTRATE ON PROVIDING THE SPECTRUM OF SERVICES REQUIRED BY INDIVIDUALS WHO SUFFER FROM CATASTROPHIC ILLNESSES OR INJURIES THAT ARE TYPICALLY DEFINED BY EITHER CONDITION OR EXPENSIVE CLAIMS
|
|
|
DISABILITY MANAGEMENT
|
DEVELOPED FROM AN EMPLOYER PERSPECTIVE AND TRY TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT AND DISABILITY MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE LOST WORKER PRODUCTIVITY DUE TO ILLNESS OR INJURY
|
|
|
INTEGRATED POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT
|
PROMOTES COMPREHENSIVE CONSIDERATION OF THE HEALTH AND WELL BEING OF EACH MEMBER OF A POPULATION BY COORDINATING DIFFERENT HEALTH AND CARE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
|
|
|
FRAMEWORK FOR POP HEALTH MANAGEMENT
|
|
|
|
POP HEALTH MGMT DEFINING QUESTIONS (5)
|
- WHAT IS TO BE MANAGED IN POP HEALTH MGMT
- WHO IS TO BE MANAGED - WHERE CAN POP HEALTH MGMT OCCUR - WHY DOES POP HEALTH NEED TO BE MANAGED - HOW CAN POP HEALTH MGMT OCCUR |
|
|
SOCIAL GRADIENT
|
LIFE EXPECTANCY IS SHORTER AND MOST DISEASES ARE MORE COMMON FURTHER DOWN THE SOCIAL LADDER IN EACH SOCIETY
|
|
|
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS (10)
|
- SOCIAL GRADIENT
- STRESS - EARLY LIFE - SOCIAL EXCLUSION - WORK - UNEMPLOYMENT - SOCIAL SUPPORT - ADDICTION - FOOD - TRANSPORT |
|
|
FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE AND PROMOTING HEALTH
|
|
|
|
GLASS AND MCANTEE MODEL
|
|
|
|
PARITY OF HEALTH CARE (BALANCE OF PARADIGMS)
|
|
|
|
STRATEGIES FOR DEFINING A POPULATION (7)
|
- AGE
- INCOME - GEOGRAPHY - COMMUNITY - EMPLOYER - INSURANCE COVERAGE - HEALTH STATUS |
|
|
GENERIC MODEL OF DISEASE EVOLUTION
|
|
|
|
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD OF DISEASE
|
|
|
|
TRANSMISSION
|
THE TRANSFER OF A DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISM FROM ONE ENVIRONMENT TO ANOTHER, PARTICULARLY FROM AN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT TO A SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUAL
|
|
|
CATEGORIES OF TRANSMISSION (4)
|
- CONTACT
- DROPLET - VEHICLE - VECTOR |
|
|
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
|
A FORM OF CONTACT TRANSMISSION; BACTERIA / VIRUSES USUALLY CANNOT SURVIVE FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME OUTSIDE THE BODY
|
|
|
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
|
A FORM OF CONTACT TRANSMISSION; MUST BE ABLE TO SURVIVE OUTSIDE THE BODY FOR AN EXTENDED TIME
|
|
|
VEHICLE TRANSMISSION
|
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION VIA A MEDIUM
|
|
|
ICEBERG CONCEPT OF DISEASE
|
|
|
|
ENDEMIC
|
USUAL OCCURRENCE OF A CONDITION WITHIN A GEOGRAPHIC AREA
|
|
|
EPIDEMIC
|
OCCURRENCE OF A CONDITION CLEARLY IN EXCESS OF NORMAL EXPECTANCY
|
|
|
PANDEMIC
|
AN EPIDEMIC OCCURRING OVER A VERY WIDE AREA USUALLY AFFECTING A LARGE POPULATION
|
|
|
HERD IMMUNITY
|
THE RESISTANCE OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE TO AN ATTACK BY A DISEASE TO WHICH A LARGE PROPORTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE GROUP ARE IMMUNE
|
|
|
KEY QUESTIONS TO ESTABLISH THE OCCURRENCE OF DISEASE (3)
|
- WHO WAS ATTACKED BY THE DISEASE
- WHEN DID THE DISEASE OCCUR - WHERE DID THE CASES ARISE |
|
|
MORBIDITY
|
THE FREQUENCY OF DISEASE OCCURRENCE
|
|
|
MORTALITY
|
THE FREQUENCY OF DEATHS FROM THE DISEASE
|
|
|
MORBIDITY RATES
|
TELLS US HOW FAST THE DISEASE IS OCCURRING IN THE POPULATION
|
|
|
MORBIDITY PROPORTIONS
|
TELLS US WHAT FRACTION OF THE POPULATION IS AFFECTED
|
|
|
INCIDENCE RATE OF MORBIDITY (DEFINITION)
|
THE NUMBER OF NEW CASES OF A DISEASE THAT OCCUR DURING A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME IN A POPULATION AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING THE DISEASE
|
|
|
INCIDENCE RATE OF MORBIDITY (FORMULA)
|
NUMBER OF NEW CASES DURING A SPECIFIED (PERIOD OF TIME / NUMBER OF PERSONS AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING THE DISEASE IN THAT PERIOD OF TIME) X 1000
|
|
|
INCIDENCE DENSITY OF MORBIDITY (FORMULA)
|
(NO OF NEW CASES/ THE SUM OF THE TIME PERIODS OF OBSERVATION OF EACH PERSON WHO HAS BEEN OBSERVED FOR ALL OR PART OF THE TIME PERIOD ) X 1000
|
|
|
USES OF ATTACK RATE OF MORBIDITY (3)
|
- COMPARING THE RISK OF DISEASE W/ DIFFERENT EXPOSURES
- ILLNESS W/ SUDDEN ONSET, IMPLICIT TIME PERIOD - SIMILAR TO INCIDENT RATE |
|
|
ATTACK RATE OF MORBIDITY (FORMULA)
|
NUMBER OF PEOPLE AT RISK IN WHO A CERTAIN ILLNESS DEVELOPS/ TOTAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE AT RISK
|
|
|
PREVALENCE OF MORBIDITY (DEFINITION)
|
ANSWERS THE QUESTION WHAT PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION IS AFFECTED BY THE DISEASE AT THAT TIME?
|
|
|
PREVALENCE OF MORBIDITY (FORMULA)
|
(NUMBER OF CASES OF A DISEASE PRESENT IN THE POPULATION AT A SPECIFIED TIME/ NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE POPULATION AT THE SPECIFIED TIME ) X 1000
|
|
|
ISSUES WITH PREVALENCE (4)
|
- INTENT IS NOT TO DETERMINE WHEN THE DISEASE DEVELOPED
- DOES NOT TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION DURATION OF DISEASE - NUMERATOR INCLUDES A MIX OF PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT POINT IN THE DISEASE - NOT A MEASURE OF RISK |
|
|
POINT PREVALENCE
|
PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE AT A CERTAIN POINT IN TIME; MOST OFTEN USED
|
|
|
PERIOD PREVALENCE
|
PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE AT ANY POINT DURING A CERTAIN TIME PERIOD
|
|
|
WHATS THE DIFFERENCE B/T INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE
|
PREVALENCE IS A MEASURE OF THE BURDEN OF DISEASE IN A COMMUNITY; INCIDENCE HELPS DETERMINE THE CAUSE OF THE DISEASE
|
|
|
MEASURES OF MORBIDITY (3)
|
- INCIDENCE RATE
- ATTACK RATE - REVALENCE |
|
|
MEASURES OF MORTALITY (3)
|
- MORTALITY RATES
- CASE FATALITY RATES - PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY |
|
|
MORTALITY RATE (DEFINITION)
|
ANNUAL DEATH RATE
|
|
|
MORTALITLY RATE (FORMULA)
|
(TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES IN 1 YEAR/ NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE POPULATION AT MIDYEAR)x1000
|
|
|
TO CALCULATE AGE / DISEASE SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATES
|
(TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM A DISEASE IN ONE YEAR OF A CERTAIN AGE/ NUMBER OF THE POPULATION YOUNGER THAN THAT AGE AT MIDYEAR)x1000
|
|
|
CASE FATALITY RATE (DEFINITION)
|
THE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE DIAGNOSED AS HAVING A CERTAIN DISEASE THAT DIE WITHIN A CERTAIN TIME AFTER DIAGNOSIS
|
|
|
CASE FATALITY RATE (FORMULA)
|
(NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS DYING DURING A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME AFTER DISEASE ONSET/ NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WITH THE SPECIFIED DISEASE)x100
|
|
|
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY (DEFINITION)
|
THE PROPORTION OF DEATHS CAUSED BY A SPECIFIC DISEASE OVER THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS ALL CAUSES
|
|
|
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY (FORMULA)
|
(NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ___ DISEASE IN THE US IN A CERTAIN YEAR/ TOTAL DEATHS IN THE US IN THAT YEAR )x 100
|
|
|
PROBLEMS WITH MORTALITY DATA
|
- QUALITY ISSUES WITH CERTIFICATES
- CHANGES IN WAY DEATH IS CODED - CHANGES IN THE DEFINITION OF DISEASE |
|
|
EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY CLASSIFICATIONS (3)
|
- DESCRIPTIVE
- ANALYTICAL - INTERVENTION (EXPERIMENT) |
|
|
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
|
FOCUSES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF DISEASES, KNOWN AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF DISEASES
|
|
|
ANALYTICAL STUDIES
|
FOCUSE ON THE STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATIONS B/T DISEASES AND OTHER FACTORS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON WHETHER SUCH ASSOCIATIONS ARE CASUAL
|
|
|
INTERVENTION STUDIES
|
FOCUS ON WHETHER INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT PREVENTING A DISEASE OR IMPROVING ITS OUTCOME ACTUALLY DO SO
|
