Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Population Genetics |
Branch of genetics that studies the genetic make-upof groups of individuals and how a group's genetic composition changes with time |
|
|
True |
TRUE OR FALSE: Almost all organisms exhibit variation in phenotype |
|
|
Frequency |
A proportion or percentage, usually expressed as decimal fraction |
|
|
Overproduction |
Every species tends to produce more individuals than can survive to maturity |
|
|
Variation |
The individuals of a population have many characteristics that differ |
|
|
Selection |
Some individuals survive longer and reproduce more than others do |
|
|
Adaptation |
The traita of those individuals that survive and reproduce will become more common in a population |
|
|
Hardy-Weinberg Law |
Mathematical model that evaluates the effect of reproduction on the genotypic and allelic frequencies of a population |
|
|
True |
TRUE OR FALSE: The assumption of HW Law is if a population is large, randomly mating, and not affected by mutation, migration, or natural selection, then.. -the allelic frequencies of a population do not change -the genotypic frequencies stabilize (not change) after one gen in the proportions p2 (f of AA), 2pq (f of Aa), and q2 (f of aa) where p is equal to f alleles of A and q is equal to f alleles of a |
|
|
Hardy-Weinberg Law |
Indicates that when assumptions are met, reproduction alone does not alter allelic or genotypic frequencies and the allelic frequencies determine the frequencies of genotypes |
|
|
Hardy-Weinberg Law |
The assumption of this law is only applicable to a single locus |
|
|
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
When genotypes are in the expected proportion of p2, 2pq, and q2 |
|
|
Positive Assortative Mating |
An NRM which has the tendency for like individuals to mate |
|
|
Negative Assortative Mating |
An NRM which has the tendency for unlike individuals to mate |
|
|
Inbreeding |
An NRM pertains to preferential mating between related individuals |
|
|
Outcrossing |
An NRM of unrelated individuals |
|
|
Evolutionary Forces |
-Mutation -Migration -Natural Selection -Genetic Drift |
|
|
Mutation |
Influence the rate at which one genetic variant increasea at the expense of another |
|
|
Mutation |
The allelic frequencies change with the passage of time because some alleles mutate into another |
|
|
Migration or Gene Flow |
Results to influx of genes from other populations; some effects are.. -it prevents populations from becoming genetically different from one another -it increases genetic variation within population |
|
|
Genetic Drift |
It resulted from reducing of population size, founder effect, and genetic bottle neck and has effects of allelic frequency change, loss of variation w/in populations, and genetic divergencr between population |
|
|
Founder Effect |
Due to establishment of a population by a small number of individual |
|
|
Genetic Bottle Neck |
Develops when a population undergoes drastic reduction in population |
|
|
Natural Selection |
Individuals with adaptive traits produce a greater number of offspring than that produced by others in the population and promotes adaptation |
|
|
Directional Selection |
One allele or trait is favored over another |
|
|
Overdominance |
Heterozygote advantage |
|
|
Underdominance |
Heterozygote has lower fitness |
